Energy consumption in IP networks

Tucker,; Baliga,; Ayre,; Hinton,; Sorin,

doi:10.1109/ecoc.2008.4729102

Cited by 31 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…Consider a packet received on port 1 via the Ethernet MAC receive queue (MAC RxQ). The received packet is stored in the Xilinx FPGA's on-chip memory while the output port lookup module inside the FPGA performs the following packet processing steps: (1) it does a longest prefix match on the routing table to decide the output port to which the packet must be switched to (in this case port 3), (2) it obtains the next-hop MAC address by performing an ARP lookup, (3) it modifies the source and destination MAC addresses in the packet header, the TTL (time-to-live) is decremented, and the checksum is updated, and, (4) it buffers the packet in the respective output queue. In the reference router, the off-chip SRAM memory serves as the output queue.…”

Section: A Life Of a Packet Through The Netfpga Routermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not only does this power account for a significant fraction of the ISP's operational expenses, but also the high power density necessitates complex cooling systems to manage heat dissipation. Though routing equipment is becoming more power efficient, the increase in efficiency is outpaced by annual increase in throughput capacity [3], meaning that the problem is likely to worsen with time. In recognition of the pressing need to address this problem, a consortium called GreenTouch [4] has recently been launched that aims to improve the ICT sector's energy efficiency by a factor of 1000 from current levels by 2015.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profiling per-packet and per-byte energy consumption in the NetFPGA Gigabit router

Sivaraman

Vishwanath

Zhi

et al. 2011

2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS)

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Abstract-Improving energy efficiency of Internet equipment is becoming an increasingly important research topic, motivated by the need to reduce energy costs (and Carbon footprint) for Internet Service Providers, as well as increase power density to achieve more switching capacity per-rack. While recent research has profiled the power consumption of commercial routing equipment, these profiles are coarse-grained (i.e., at the granularity of per line-card or per port), and moreover such platforms are inflexible for experimentation with new energysaving mechanisms. In this paper we therefore consider the NetFPGA platform, which is becoming an increasingly popular routing platform for networking research due to its versatility and low-cost. Using a precise hardware-based traffic generator and high-fidelity energy probe, we conduct several experiments that allow us to decompose the energy consumption of the NetFPGA routing card into fine-grained per-packet and perbyte components with reasonable accuracy. Our quantification of energy consumption on this platform opens the doors for estimating network-wide energy footprints at the granularity of traffic sessions and applications (e.g., due to TCP file transfers), and provides a benchmark against which energy improvements arising from new architectures and protocols can be evaluated.

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Section: A Life Of a Packet Through The Netfpga Routermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling per-packet and per-byte energy consumption in the NetFPGA Gigabit router

Sivaraman

Vishwanath

Zhi

et al. 2011

2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS)

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“…7) seem to converge to somewhere around 30%. This is in line with the power P (in W) versus router capacity C (in Mbps) relation proposed in [10]:…”

Section: B 5-year Projectionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Energy-efficiency in telecommunications networks: Link-by-link versus end-to-end grooming

Heddeghem

Groote

Vereecken

et al. 2010

2010 14th Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM)

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Abstract-The large share of energy consumption in telecommunication networks is expected to shift from access networks to core networks. Estimating the power consumption of core networks is not easy, as they vary a lot in size and topology. Using an exemplary but realistic core network, we estimate its power consumption for both a link-by-link grooming and an optical end-to-end grooming scenario. We show that optical endto-end grooming consumes about half the power of the alternative scenario.

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“…Panarello et al [12] put forward a trade-off approach for performance and energy saving in access network. However, since devices in backbone networks consume the large majority of energy [13], we thus focus on exploring trade-off that exists in backbone networks.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routing On Demand: Toward the Energy-Aware Traffic Engineering with OSPF

Shen

Liu

et al. 2012

Networking 2012

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Abstract.Energy consumption has already become a major challenge to the current Internet. Most researches aim at lowering energy consumption under certain fixed performance constraints. Since trade-offs exist between network performance and energy saving, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) may desire to achieve different Traffic Engineering (TE) goals corresponding to changeable requirements. The major contributions of this paper are twofold: 1) we present an OSPF-based routing mechanism, Routing On Demand (ROD), that considers both performance and energy saving, and 2) we theoretically prove that a set of link weights always exists for each trade-off variant of the TE objective, under which solutions (i.e., routes) derived from ROD can be converted into shortest paths and realized through OSPF. Extensive evaluation results show that ROD can achieve various trade-offs between energy saving and performance in terms of Maximum Link Utilization, while maintaining better packet delay than that of the energy-agnostic TE.

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Energy consumption in IP networks

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Profiling per-packet and per-byte energy consumption in the NetFPGA Gigabit router

Profiling per-packet and per-byte energy consumption in the NetFPGA Gigabit router

Energy-efficiency in telecommunications networks: Link-by-link versus end-to-end grooming

Routing On Demand: Toward the Energy-Aware Traffic Engineering with OSPF

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