Energy consumption and emission projection for the road transport sector in Malaysia: an application of the LEAP model

Azam, Musharrat; Othman, Jamal; Begum, Rawshan Ara; Abdullah, Sharifah Mastura Syed; Nor, Nor Ghani Md

doi:10.1007/s10668-015-9684-4

Cited by 44 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, in this case, the alternative fuels and new vehicular technologies have been introduced to the fuels market, compatible with the current and new fuels. The new alternative fuels will be bioethanol (E10) [57,72,100], biodiesel (B10) [16,22,57,79], liquefied natural gas (LNG), compressed natural gas (CNG) [91], liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) [57], and of another type like electricity. The new vehicle technologies that enter in this scenario are Bi-Fuel, different models of Hybrid; Full Hybrid (HEV) and Plug-in Hybrid (PHEV) vehicles; Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs); and those compatible engines with LPG, LNG, and CNG consumption [50] to reduce air pollution, GHG emissions, and noise pollution in cities [101].…”

Section: Energy Optimization and Mitigation (Eom) Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Term Forecast of Energy and Fuels Demand Towards a Sustainable Road Transport Sector in Ecuador (2016–2035): A LEAP Model Application

et al. 2020

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The total energy demand in the transport sector represented 48.80% of the total consumption in Ecuador throughout 2016, where 89.87% corresponded to the road transport sector. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze the future behavior of this sector and assess the economic and environmental measures towards sustainable development. Consequently, this study analyzed: (1) the total energy demand for each vehicle class and fuel type; (2) the GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions and air pollutants NO x and PM 10 ; and (3) the cost attributed to the fuel demand, between 2016 and 2035. For this, four alternative demand scenarios were designed: BAU: Business As Usual; EOM: Energy Optimization and Mitigation; AF: Alternative Fuels; and SM: Sustainable Mobility using Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning system. After analysis, the EOM, AF, and SM scenarios have advantages relative to BAU, where SM particularly stands out. The results show that SM compared to BAU, contributes with a 12.14% (141,226 kBOE) decrease of the total energy demand, and the economic savings for this fuel demand is of 14.22% (26,720 MUSD). Moreover, global NO x and PM 10 emissions decreased by 14.91% and 13.78%, respectively. Additionally, accumulated GHG emissions decreased by 13.49% due to the improvement of the fuel quality for the vehicles that mainly consume liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, and electricity.Sustainability 2020, 12, 472 2 of 26 consumption levels related to liquid fuels, they have a faster growth forecast of approximately three times between 2015 and 2040. For example, the consumption of natural gas for passenger and cargo transport would increase by almost 500% in the same period [5].Between 2000 and 2012, in several Latin American countries, the energy demand in the road transport sector has been continuously increasing with high intensity every year; in Paraguay, it grew by 11%, in Panama and Bolivia by 5%, in Argentina and Costa Rica by 4% [6]. This trend has remained relatively constant, generating a significant increase in the vehicle fleet, with a 3.5% average each year, which is mainly composed of cars [7].In 2012, in the countries of this same region, the transport sector had a total energy consumption share of 27% in the case of Nicaragua to 55% in the case of Ecuador. Inside this sector, road transport demanded around 85% of the total energy consumption, excluding Panama, where air transport continues to be very significant with 30% of the total energy consumption in the transport sector due to its geographical condition [8].The high levels of liquid petroleum fuels consumption in road transport cause great concern at the global level but mainly in emerging market countries such as India, China, the United States of America, and large regions such as the European Union, Latin America, Southeast Asian, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, which are the world's most energy demanded.This concern is primarily related to the following reasons: (1) the localized polluting gases emissions within cities that reduce the ...

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Section: Energy Optimization and Mitigation (Eom) Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is noteworthy to highlight that the accumulated GHG emissions caused by gasoline and diesel consumption decrease by 54.41 and 34. 16…”

Section: Greenhouse Gas (Ghg) Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Forecast of Energy and Fuels Demand Towards a Sustainable Road Transport Sector in Ecuador (2016–2035): A LEAP Model Application

et al. 2020

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“…In this way, LEAP is widely used for the modeling of transportation energy consumption and emissions with transportation analysis modules, especially in developing countries. For example, Malaysia [23], Mexico [24], and other countries have established the modified LEAP model according to local conditions to evaluate their mitigation potential in the transportation sector and the effects of relevant mitigation policies [25]. Several studies on China using the LEAP model have been conducted over the past few years.…”

Section: Mitigation Potential Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Inventory and Policy Reduction Potential of Greenhouse Gas and Pollutant Emissions of Road Transportation Industry in China

Bao

et al. 2016

Sustainability

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Abstract:In recent years, emissions from the road transportation industry in China have been increasing rapidly. To evaluate the reduction potential of greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions of the industry in China, its emission inventory was calculated and scenario analysis was created for the period between 2012 and 2030 in this paper. Based on the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP) model, the development of China's road transportation industry in two scenarios (the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario and the comprehensive-mitigation (CM) scenario) was simulated. In the Comprehensive Mitigation scenario, there are nine various measures which include Fuel Economy Standards, Auto Emission Standards, Energy-saving Technology, Tax Policy, Eco-driving, Logistics Informatization, Vehicle Liquidation, Electric Vehicles, and Alternative Fuels. The cumulative energy and emission reductions of these specific measures were evaluated. Our results demonstrate that China's road transportation produced 881 million metric tons of CO 2 and emitted 1420 thousand tons of CO, 2150 thousand tons of NO x , 148 thousand tons of PM 10 , and 745 thousand tons of HC in 2012. The reduction potential is quite large, and road freight transportation is the key mitigation subsector, accounting for 85%-92% of the total emission. For energy conservation and carbon emission mitigation, logistics informatization is the most effective method, potentially reducing 1.80 billion tons of coal equivalent and 3.83 billion tons of CO 2 from 2012 to 2030. In terms of air pollutant emission mitigation, the auto emission standards measure performs best with respect to NO x , PM 10 , and HC emission mitigation, and logistic informatization measure is the best in CO emission reduction. In order to maximize the mitigation potential of China's road transportation industry, the government needs to implement various measures in a timely and strict fashion.

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“…Entre las temáticas más destacadas de varios estudios en concreto, están las siguientes: a) Energía para el transporte sostenible por carretera y análisis de la demanda de consumo de energía en el transporte por carretera en China (Chai, Lu, Wang, & Lai, 2016;Hu et al, 2010); b) Consumo de combustibles en transporte por carretera en China y países OECD (Wang & Lin, 2019); c) Consumo de Energía y previsión de emisión de gases contaminantes en Malaysia (Azam, Othman, Begum, Abdullah, & Nor, 2016); d) Emisiones atmosféricas del transporte por carretera y evaluación de vehículos eléctricos en India (Baidya & Borken-Kleefeld, 2009;Dhar, Pathak, & Shukla, 2017); e) Consumo de combustibles alternativos en Japón y combustibles más limpios en Europa (Bomb, McCormick, Deurwaarder, Kalberger, & Kåberger, 2007;Johnson, 2003); f) Desarrollo de biocombustibles para el mercado automotor en UK y la potencial reducción de emisiones para países en desarrollo (Hammond, Kallu, & McManus, 2008;Liaquat, Kalam, Masjuki, & Jayed, 2010); y g) Reducción de GEI en el transporte por carretera en EEUU y Corea (Hong, Chung, Kim, & Chun, 2016;Kay et al, 2014).…”

Section: Figura 1: Tasas De Descarbonización Para Transición Energétiunclassified

“…Se ha considerado el ingreso de bioetanol (E10) (Cevallos, 2016;Joseph, 2013;Yan & Crookes, 2009), biodiesel (B10) (Azam et al, 2016;Cevallos, 2016;Guayanlema, 2016b;Liaquat et al, 2010), gas natural licuado (GNL) y comprimido (GNC) (Noboa, 2012), gas licuado de petróleo (GLP) (Cevallos, 2016) y de otro tipo como la electricidad, donde por medio de incentivos fiscales se promueve la eliminación del IVA a las importaciones de vehículos motorizados híbridos y eléctricos para uso particular, transporte público de pasajeros y de carga, para el transporte por carretera (Asamblea Nacional de la República del Ecuador, 2018).…”

Section: S3: Alternative Fuels (Af)unclassified

Estudio técnico-económico de la gasificación de Ecuador

González¹,

Miguel²

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A mi esposa Viviana, quien a lo largo de estos años ha sido mi complemento ideal, compañera y amiga incondicional. Sin contar, todo lo que nos queda por vivir y compartir. A mis padres, Edgar y Sandra, quienes siempre me han deseado lo mejor y han apoyado siempre. Pero sobre todo gracias por su amor y tiempo, lo más valioso para mí. De manera especial, a mi madre Sandra, quien nunca se rinde, quien me ha enseñado que en la vida nunca se pierde una batalla hasta cuando se da el último aliento, el último respiro. Quien sembró en mi la idea de ser siempre mejor, a quien admiro y a quien eché mucho de menos cuando más me necesitó. No estuve físicamente, pero mi mente y mi corazón, siempre estuvieron. A mis hermanos, Jessy, Santiago, Juan y Gabriel, por ser mi apoyo, por cuidar de mi madre y por estos últimos años, hacer mi trabajo y cumplir con mi deber. Con mucho cariño a mis queridos sobrinos. A mis tíos, Nelson y Aldenizia, a mis primos, Leonardo y André, quienes han estado para apoyarme siempre y demostrarme su cariño incondicional, sentimiento mutuo. Y a mi abuela Esthela, por haber estado siempre cerca. A mis cuñados, por todo el apoyo, amor y cariño hacia los míos.

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Energy consumption and emission projection for the road transport sector in Malaysia: an application of the LEAP model

Cited by 44 publications

References 24 publications

Long-Term Forecast of Energy and Fuels Demand Towards a Sustainable Road Transport Sector in Ecuador (2016–2035): A LEAP Model Application

Long-Term Forecast of Energy and Fuels Demand Towards a Sustainable Road Transport Sector in Ecuador (2016–2035): A LEAP Model Application

Inventory and Policy Reduction Potential of Greenhouse Gas and Pollutant Emissions of Road Transportation Industry in China

Estudio técnico-económico de la gasificación de Ecuador

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