Energy balances, greenhouse gas emissions and economics of biochar production from palm oil empty fruit bunches

Harsono, Soni Sisbudi; Grundman, Philipp; Lau, Lek Hang; Hansen, Anja; Salleh, Mohamad Amran Mohd; Meyer‐Aurich, Andreas; Idris, Azni; Ghazi, Tinia Idaty Mohd

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.04.005

Cited by 107 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In addition, this natural cycle fall short when eventually plants and animals decay and begin to release captured CO 2 into the atmosphere, making an ineffective natural cycle (Dulal and Akbar 2013;Harsono et al 2013). Numerous choices are there to reduce CO 2 emissions in the atmosphere such as improving power plant efficiency, replacement of coal by natural gas, introducing higher thermal efficiency combined cycles of steam and gas for power generation, shifting to renewable resources and CCS (Lee et al 2014;Wall 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of CO2 adsorption by solid adsorbents: a review on low-temperature systems

Younas

Sohail

Leong

et al. 2016

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

186

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In the last few decades of industrialization, the concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere had increased rapidly. Different organizations have invested considerable funds in research activities worldwide for CO 2 capture and storage. To date, significant work has been done and various technologies have been proposed for CO 2 capture and storage. Both adsorption and absorption are promising techniques for CO 2 capture, but low-temperature adsorption processes using solid adsorbents are the prevailing technique nowadays. In this review paper, a variety of adsorbents such as carbonaceous materials, dry alkali metal-based sorbents, zeolites, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and microporous organic polymers (MOPs) have been studied. Various methods of chemical or physical modification and the effects of supporting materials have been discussed to enhance CO 2 capture capacity of these adsorbents. Low-temperature (\100°C) adsorption processes for CO 2 capture are critically analyzed and concluded on the basis of information available so far in the literature. All the information in CO 2 adsorption using different routes has been discussed, summarized and thoroughly presented in this review article. The most important comparative study of relatively new material MOFs and MOPs is carried out between the groups and with other sorbent as well.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of CO2 adsorption by solid adsorbents: a review on low-temperature systems

Younas

Sohail

Leong

et al. 2016

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

186

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Chen et al, 2011;Chen et al, 2008;X. Chen et al, 2011;Garcia-Nunez et al, 2016;Hammond et al, 2011;Harsono et al, 2013;Helleur et al, 2001;Inyang et al, 2012;Kołodyńska et al, 2012;Libra et al, 2011;Liu and Zhang, 2009;Medic, 2012;Mohan et al, 2011;Oleszczuk et al, 2012;Park et al, 2011;Pellera et al, 2012;Regmi et al, 2012;Ro et al, 2010;Roberts et al, 2010;Sohi et al, 2009;Woolf et al, 2010a;Yao et al, 2012Yao et al, , 2011aP. Zhang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Life cycle environmental and economic performance of biochar compared with activated carbon: A meta-analysis

Alhashimi

Aktaş

2017

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

340

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As the commercial production and distribution of biochar continues to grow internationally, and its applications diversifying from its early uses as soil amendment, it is important to study the environmental impacts and economic performance of biochar in comparison to activated carbon in order to assess its value. The goal of the study was to assess, through a meta-analysis, the environmental and economic performance of biochar in comparison to activated carbon under an equivalent functional unit to adsorb heavy metals. More than 80 data points on adsorption capacity of biochar and activated carbon were identified through literature, which were statistically analyzed as part of the study. Biochar was found to have lower energy demand and global warming potential impact than activated carbon, where average energy demands were calculated as 6.1 MJ/kg and 97 MJ/kg and average greenhouse gas emissions calculated as-0.9 kg CO 2 eq/kg and 6.6 kg CO 2 eq/kg for biochar and activated carbon, respectively. When adsorption of heavy metals were used as the functional unit during analysis, results indicate that there is typically an order of magnitude difference between the two materials, where biochar was found to have lower environmental 1 10 100 1000 10000 Cadmium Copper Zinc Lead Chromium Adsorption cost, US $/kg contaminant Biochar Activated carbon 2 impacts. The environmental impact resulting from long distance transportation of biochar would not overturn this conclusion. The adsorption cost of biochar was lower than activated carbon to remove chromium and zinc with a 95% confidence. Adsorption cost for lead and copper were found to be comparable, and therefore the specific type of biochar and its price could shift results both ways. There is evidence that biochar, if engineered correctly for the task, could be at least as effective as activated carbon and at a lower cost.

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“…A minimum biochar selling price of 533 US$ Mg −1 was calculated with high production costs being identified as an important driver of this price. A low market price of 15.8 US$ Mg −1 from selling the biochar to palm oil plantations also contributed to the high break‐even price 26 . Another paper estimated the financial value of biochar use on agricultural cropland for carbon sequestration and soil amendment properties 27 .…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The financial trade‐off between the production of biochar and biofuel via pyrolysis under uncertainty

Frank

Brown

Malmsheimer

et al. 2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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There is a lack of widespread interest in slow pyrolysis biochar pathways relative to other bioenergy pathways because of the perceived absence of biochar's market value when produced at a commercial scale. Thus, most refereed techno-economic analyses focus on fast pyrolysis. This study quantifies the carbon price point at which the economic feasibility of the slow-pyrolysis pathway for biochar production is equal to or greater than a fast-pyrolysis pathway for biochar and biofuel production using baseline minimum carbon prices (MCP). These factors are then modeled under uncertainty to generate stochastic cash flows for the calculation of a 20-year net present value and carbon abatement cost probability distributions. This article examines whether a slow-pyrolysis pathway is ever more financially attractive than a fast-pyrolysis pathway at realistic carbon prices. The results show fast pyrolysis to fuels and biochar achieving the lowest baseline MCP of $61.38/Mg, while the slow pyrolysis to biochar and methanol at 450 °C scenario yields the highest baseline MCP of $642.40/Mg. A notable result is the baseline MCP for the slow pyrolysis to biochar scenario achieving $123.48/Mg, when compared with the fast pyrolysis to fuels and electricity scenario, resulting in a baseline MCP of $182.03/Mg. The results suggest that carbon prices, when high enough, can incentivize biochar carbon sequestration produced from slow-pyrolysis pathways rather than carbon abatement with biofuels, and that slow pyrolysis to biochar and methanol scenarios require a higher baseline MCP and are less financially competitive than the other pathways.Techno-economic analysis (TEA) is a comprehensive methodology used to quantify the economic feasibility of cellulosic bioenergy production. 18 Brown et al. conducted a TEA of biobased chemical production via the fast-pyrolysis 596

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Energy balances, greenhouse gas emissions and economics of biochar production from palm oil empty fruit bunches

Cited by 107 publications

References 24 publications

Feasibility of CO2 adsorption by solid adsorbents: a review on low-temperature systems

Feasibility of CO2 adsorption by solid adsorbents: a review on low-temperature systems

Life cycle environmental and economic performance of biochar compared with activated carbon: A meta-analysis

The financial trade‐off between the production of biochar and biofuel via pyrolysis under uncertainty

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