In the last few decades of industrialization, the concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere had increased rapidly. Different organizations have invested considerable funds in research activities worldwide for CO 2 capture and storage. To date, significant work has been done and various technologies have been proposed for CO 2 capture and storage. Both adsorption and absorption are promising techniques for CO 2 capture, but low-temperature adsorption processes using solid adsorbents are the prevailing technique nowadays. In this review paper, a variety of adsorbents such as carbonaceous materials, dry alkali metal-based sorbents, zeolites, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and microporous organic polymers (MOPs) have been studied. Various methods of chemical or physical modification and the effects of supporting materials have been discussed to enhance CO 2 capture capacity of these adsorbents. Low-temperature (\100°C) adsorption processes for CO 2 capture are critically analyzed and concluded on the basis of information available so far in the literature. All the information in CO 2 adsorption using different routes has been discussed, summarized and thoroughly presented in this review article. The most important comparative study of relatively new material MOFs and MOPs is carried out between the groups and with other sorbent as well.
Syngas,
consisting of equimolar CO and H2, is an important feedstock for large-scale production of a wide range of commodity chemicals including aldehyde,
methanol, ammonia, and other oxygenated chemicals. Dry reforming of
methane (DRM), proceeding by reacting greenhouse gases, CO2 and CH4, at high temperatures in the presence of a metal
catalyst, is considered one of the most environmentally friendly routes
for syngas production. Nevertheless, nonprecious metal-based catalysts,
which can operate at relatively low temperatures for high product
yields and selectivities, are required to drive the DRM process for
industrial applications effectively. Here, we developed NiCo@C nanocomposites
from a corresponding NiCo-based bimetallic metal–organic framework
(MOF) to serve as high-performance catalysts for the DRM process,
achieving high turnover frequencies (TOF) at low temperatures (>5.7
s–1 at 600 °C) and high product selectivities
(H2/CO = 0.9 at 700 °C). The incorporation of Co in
Ni catalysts improves the operation stability and light-off stability.
The present development for MOF-derived nanocomposites opens a new
horizon for design of DRM catalysts.
A series of 1%, 3% and 5% Bi-doped vanadyl pyrophosphate catalysts were prepared via sesquihydrate route (VPOs method). These catalysts were denoted as VPOs-Bi1%, VPOs-Bi3% and VPOs-Bi5%. Bulk and Bi-promoted vanadyl pyrophosphate catalysts prepared via sesquihydrate route exhibited a well-crystallized (VO)2P2O7 phase. Two V5+ phases, i.e. β-VOPO4 and αII-VOPO4 were observed in all Bi-promoted VPO catalysts, which led to an increase in the specific surface area and average oxidation state of vanadium. Bi-promoted VPO catalysts showed six to nine times higher amounts of oxygen evolved than the bulk VPO catalyst in oxygen TPD and a significant shift in the reduction peaks to lower temperatures. Catalytic tests revealed that both activity and selectivity to maleic anhydride increased with the presence of bismuth promoter.
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