Energy balance of catch crops production

Fuksa, P.; Hakl, J.; Brant, V.

doi:10.13080/z-a.2013.100.045

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For the ridge-based cropping systems, direct and indirect energy were roughly consumed in similar amounts. The overall values of energy consumed in the cropping systems [15 to 22 GJ ha -1 yr -1 ] are within the range previously reported for studies on energy use in diversified cropping systems (Alipour et al, 2012;Fuksa et al, 2013;. All cropping systems had a positive energy balance: the energy produced as food was higher than the energy supplied to produce it.…”

Section: Energy Consumption Balance and Conversionsupporting

confidence: 79%

A comprehensive assessment of agriculture in lowlands of south Brazil: characterization and comparison of current and alternative concepts

Theisen¹

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Agriculture in the lowlands of south Brazil is of strategic importance at the national level, since it supplies around 80% of the rice consumed by the Brazilian population. In Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state in Brazil, three million hectares of lowlands are ready for grain-based agriculture. Of this area, about half is fallow, partly used for cattle grazing, and irrigated rice is the predominant crop, cultivated annually on 1.1 million ha. The remaining area is used for soybean and other crops. The predominant cropping system is a combination of irrigated rice and cattle. Over the last decades, rice yields have steadily increased, but this rise in yield level has to a large extent been obtained at the expense of a continuously higher use of external inputs. The recent introduction of soybean in rotation with rice has partially improved the system, but in most areas the situation is becoming incompatible with the modern demands for sustainability. This thesis presents a long-term study (2006-2015) of five cropping systems for lowlands. Next to monocrop rice and two rice-soybean rotations conducted in either conventional or minimum tillage, the experiment contained two novel systems based on large ridges, on which soybean and maize were combined with either cover crops or crop-livestock integration in winter. In these last systems, 8-m-wide ridges were built to avoid flooding, thus allowing for diversification of cash crops and the cultivation of cover crops or pastures in winter time, as well as the use of no-tillage. All systems were evaluated at process-level, including soil preparation, seeding, plant nutrition, pest management, irrigation, harvesting, transport and cattle management, as well as regarding their performance for the different dimensions of sustainability, particularly environment, land productivity, economics, energy-use and labour. Next to system assessment, two additional experiments were conducted for the evaluation of two specific technologies for soil management in these areas. Crop livestock integration on the ridge-based system offered the best balance between food production, environmental impact and economics. This system is well suited to be used in fields that are kept fallow, thereby enlarging the agricultural productivity of the lowlands. The additional experiments revealed that a knife-roller can successfully substitute plough-and-harrow for soil preparation after rice harvest, and that germination of weed seeds can be reduced if crop seeding is conducted at a lower speed or using a no-tillage seeder equipped with an improved cutting mechanism. Overall the results show that by using alternative cropping systems that allow for diversification and new methods of field management it is possible to simultaneously attain a larger agricultural production and improved sustainability in the lowlands.

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Section: Energy Consumption Balance and Conversionsupporting

confidence: 79%

A comprehensive assessment of agriculture in lowlands of south Brazil: characterization and comparison of current and alternative concepts

Theisen¹

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“…Tokias pat pasekmes gali sukelti ir neracionalus tręšimas organinėmis trąšomis, ypač įvairiomis mėšlo formomis (Tripolskaja, 2005). Naudojant intensyviąją žemdirbystės sistemą ekologinė destabilizacija didėja, kadangi šioje žemdirbystės sistemoje tręšimas orientuotas į augalų mitybos poreikius derliui didinti (Hodge et Fuksa et al, 2013). Gamtosauginiu požiūriu svarbiausias žemdirbystės uždavinys -išlaikyti balansą tarp augalo poreikių, įterpiamo maisto medžiagų kiekio ir dirvožemio našumo parametrų.…”

Section: įVadasunclassified

Palankios augalų mitybinės terpės sukūrimas taikant alternatyvias žemdirbystės sistemas

Masilionytė¹,

Maikštėnienė²

2015

zemesukiomokslai

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Tyrimų tikslas -nustatyti dirvožemyje biogeninių elementų pokyčius ekologinės žemdirbystės sistemose tręšimui naudojant mėšlą, raudonųjų dobilų biomasę žaliajai trąšai ir jų derinius, o tausojamosiose -mitybos elementų kiekį papildant mineralinėmis trąšomis.Tyrimai atlikti Lietuvos agrarinių ir miškų mokslų centro (LAMMC) Joniškėlio bandymų stotyje 2006-2013 m. sunkaus priemolio giliau karbona tingame giliau glėjiškame rudžemyje (RDg4k2), Endocalcari-Endohypogleyic Cambisol (CMg-n-w-can), kuriam būdingas mažas fosforingumas ir vidutinis arba didelis kalingumas. Sėjomainos rotacija: paprastasis miežis (Hordeum vul-Nustatyta, kad skirtingo humusingumo dirvožemyje, trąšai naudojant raudonųjų dobilų masę, mėšlą 40 Mg kg -1 ar jų derinius po pirmosios 4 laukų rotacijos dirvožemio fosforingumas išliko artimas buvusiam, o po antrosios -nu statytas ženklus sumažėjimas. Tai rodo, kad panaudotų agropriemonių neužteko stabiliam dirvožemio fosforingumui palaikyti. Kalio kiekio neigiami pokyčiai nu statyti ekologinėje žemdirbystės sistemoje, kurioje trąšai naudota raudonųjų dobilų masė. Tręšimas mėšlu turėjo tendenciją didinti jo kiekį dirvožemyje.Raktažodžiai: alternatyvios žemdirbystės sistemos, mėšlas, žalioji trąša, judrieji P ir K ĮVADASSkirtingo intensyvumo žemdirbystės sistemose įvairiomis priemonėmis skatinant augalų produktyvumą keičiasi ir visos ekosistemos funkcionavimas. Kiekvienoje žemdirbystės sistemoje svarbu atsižvelgti į producentų -energijos kaupėjų, jos naudotojų (konsumentų) -žmonių ir gyvūnų, reducentų -organizmų (mikro-, mezo-ir makro-), skaidančių organines medžiagas, sąsajas. Pagrindiniai energijos kaupėjai (autotrofai) -gamtoje turintys chlorofilo žalieji augalai, kurie fotosintezės dėka iš paprastų neorganinių junginių (anglies dvideginio ir vandens) sukuria organinę medžiagą (Bučienė, 2003; Arlauskienė ir kt., 2013). Svarbu antropogenine veikla sudaryti sąlygas kaupti organines medžiagas. Visos žemės ūkio augalų energijos kaupimą skatinančios priemonės -racionali augalų kaita, tręšimas, dirvožemio drėgmės režimo reguliavimas ir žemės dirbimas -keičia ekosistemos funkcionavimo stabilumą (Loreau, Mazancourt, 2013). Ypač didėjo agrosistemų ekologinė destabilizacija pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais, kai suintensyvėjusi pramoninė sintetinių trąšų gamyba skatino jų naudojimą, o grūdų kainos kilo, susidarė galimybė pirkti bei naudoti įvairias trą-šas, tačiau staigaus derliaus šuolio nebuvo. Naudojant intensyviąją žemdirbystės sistemą ekologinė destabilizacija didėja, kadangi šioje žemdirbystės sistemoje tręšimas orientuotas į augalų mitybos poreikius derliui didinti (Hodge et al

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“…Excess N causes heavy environmental pollution, particularly in aquatic ecosystems, and creates high costs for water purification. Further, the production and application of N fertilizers requires high energy input and decreases the overall energy use efficiency of farm systems (Fuksa et al, 2013;Pimentel, 2009). Low fertilizer N recovery also increases investment costs and lowers the profitability of agricultural production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil nitrogen and water management by winter-killed catch crops

Gentsch

Heuermann

Boy

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Improving N cycling in agroecosystems is one of the key challenges in reducing the environmental footprint of agriculture. Further, uncertainty in precipitation makes crop water management relevant in regions where it has not been necessary thus far. Here, we focus on the potential of winter-killed catch crops to reduce N leaching losses from N mineralization over the winter and soil water management. We compared four single catch crops (white mustard, phacelia, Egyptian clover and bristle oat) and a fallow treatment with two catch crop mixtures with 4 and 12 plant species (Mix4 and Mix12). High-resolution soil mineral N (Nmin) monitoring in combination with modelling of spatiotemporal dynamics served to assess N cycling under winter-killed catch crops, while soil water was continuously monitored in the rooting zone. Catch crops depleted the residual Nmin pools by between 40 and 72 % compared to the fallow. The amount of residual N uptake was lowest for clover and not significantly different among the other catch crops. Catch crops that produce high N litter materials, such as clover and mustard leaves, showed an early N mineralization flush immediately after their termination and the highest leaching losses from litter mineralization over the winter. Except for clover, all catch crops showed Nmin values between 18 and 92 % higher on the sowing date of the following maize crop. However, only Mix12 was statistically significant. Catch crops depleted the soil water storage in the rooting zone during their growth in autumn and early winter, but preserved water later on when their residues cover the ground. The shallow incorporation of catch crop residues increased water storage capacity during the cropping season of the main crop even under drought conditions. Hence, catch cropping is not just a simple plant cover during the winter but improved the growth conditions for the following crop at decreased N losses. Mixtures have been shown to compensate for the weaknesses of individual catch crop species in terms of nutrient capture, mineralization and transfer to the following main crop as well as for soil water management. Detailed knowledge about plant performance during growth and litter mineralization patterns is necessary to make optimal use of their full potential.

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Energy balance of catch crops production

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

A comprehensive assessment of agriculture in lowlands of south Brazil: characterization and comparison of current and alternative concepts

A comprehensive assessment of agriculture in lowlands of south Brazil: characterization and comparison of current and alternative concepts

Palankios augalų mitybinės terpės sukūrimas taikant alternatyvias žemdirbystės sistemas

Soil nitrogen and water management by winter-killed catch crops

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