“…We collected one fresh (,10-min-old) fecal sample, which consisted of all pellets from a given defecation event, from each deer each day during 3 treatment periods: 1) pretreatment, from 29 January to 14 February 2007, during which no animals wore dummy AVEDs, 2) treatment, from 15 February to 28 February 2007, during which treatment individuals wore dummy AVEDs, and 3) posttreatment, from 1 March to 14 March 2007, during which no animals wore dummy AVEDs. Thus, treatment deer wore AVEDs for 2 weeks, a typical time of deployment for terrestrial, store onboard AVEDs (He et al 2008). Within each sex we randomly assigned individuals to the control or treatment group to obtain 9 control (5 F, 4 M) and 8 treatment subjects (4 F, 4 M).…”