Energy Autonomous Sweat‐Based Wearable Systems

Manjakkal, Libu; Yin, Lu; Nathan, Arokia; Wang, Joseph; Dahiya, Ravinder

doi:10.1002/adma.202100899

Cited by 109 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 224 publications

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“…Sweat as electrolyte for w-BFCs: Sweat has much wider distribution than tears on human body, and different forms of w-BFCs have thereby been designed for sweat energy harvest. [107] Wang's group [108] first demonstrated sweat as an electrolyte and fuel source via an epidermal w-BFC. LOx mediated by tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)/CNT was immobilized by a chitosan overlayer on the screen-printed carbon electrode.…”

Section: Biofluid Based Electrolytes For W-bfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Biofuel Cells: Advances from Fabrication to Application

Zhang

Kjøniksen

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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The booming field of wearable devices has nourished progress in developing multifunctional wearable energy sources that can withstand deformations while maintaining their electrochemical functions. Unlike energy storage systems such as rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors, wearable biofuel cells (w-BFCs) generate green electricity from energy-dense carbon-neutral fuels via highly efficient bioelectrochemical reactions, delivering excellent biocompatibility, remarkable environmental sustainability, and exceptional capability of miniaturization. These desirable merits give w-BFCs great potential in the field of wearable applications. Moreover, emerging studies of w-BFCs in self-powered biosensing, controlled drug delivery, and wound dressings have greatly expanded their possible fields of application. Recent progress and strategies to accomplish flexible and stretchable w-BFCs are summarized here. Novel materials and configurations with tailored features that can be employed to fabricate w-BFCs are elaborated and discussed. Current applications and near-future applications of w-BFCs in health-monitoring and medical treatment fields are outlined. Furthermore, challenges and perspectives regarding this emerging field of materials science and engineering are also emphasized.

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Section: Biofluid Based Electrolytes For W-bfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Biofuel Cells: Advances from Fabrication to Application

Zhang

Kjøniksen

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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“…l (2) h (1) h (2) l (3) h (3) l (4) h (4) l (2) h (2) l (3) h (3) l (4) h (4) l (1) h (1) ε max (%) order self-similar rectangular and serpentine interconnects (bottom), along with the magnified design geometry, clearly demonstrates different orders such as third, second and first (bottom to top), respectively, and (c) the stretchability as a function of self-similar order. Reproduced from [104].…”

Section: ° Uniaxial Equibiaxialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stretchable systems are required for next-generation functional electronics in applications such as wearable systems, epidermal electronics, soft robotics and electronic skins (e-skins), among others, to allow greater manoeuvrability or to improve user comfort [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Stretchable systems are required to achieve conformal contact to curvilinear surfaces for real-time monitoring of human health and other environmental updates useful for various applications in healthcare, the military, human-machine interaction, human motion detection and energy harvesting [14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Systems

Kumaresan

Yogeswaran

Occhipinti

et al. 2021

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Stretchable electronics is one of the transformative pillars of future flexible electronics. As a result, the research on new passive and active materials, novel designs, and engineering approaches has attracted significant interest. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of new approaches that enable the integration of high-performance materials, including, organic and inorganic compounds, carbon-based and layered materials, and composites to serve as conductors, semiconductors or insulators, with the ability to accommodate electronics on stretchable substrates. This Element presents a discussion about the strategies that have been developed for obtaining stretchable systems, with a focus on various stretchable geometries to achieve strain invariant electrical response, and summarises the recent advances in terms of material research, various integration techniques of high-performance electronics. In addition, some of the applications, challenges and opportunities associated with the development of stretchable electronics are discussed.

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“…As a result, the development of proper sampling techniques is urgently needed in order to estimate blood glucose via sweat. Recently, wearable electronics have begun to address these shortcomings with the development of integrated sensor arrays [8][9][10][11]. Electrochemical sensors offer the possibility of miniaturized, low-cost, portable sensors that require fewer reagents and no specialized personnel to operate them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cu2O-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Non-Invasive and Portable Glucose Detection

2022

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Electrochemical voltammetric sensors are some of the most promising types of sensors for monitoring various physiological analytes due to their implementation as non-invasive and portable devices. Advantages in reduced analysis time, cost-effectiveness, selective sensing, and simple techniques with low-powered circuits distinguish voltammetric sensors from other methods. In this work, we developed a Cu2O-based non-enzymatic portable glucose sensor on a graphene paste printed on cellulose cloth. The electron transfer of Cu2O in a NaOH alkaline medium and sweat equivalent solution at very low potential (+0.35 V) enable its implementation as a low-powered portable glucose sensor. The redox mechanism of the electrodes with the analyte solution was confirmed through cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies. The developed biocompatible, disposable, and reproducible sensors showed sensing performance in the range of 0.1 to 1 mM glucose, with a sensitivity of 1082.5 ± 4.7% µA mM−1 cm−2 on Cu2O coated glassy carbon electrode and 182.9 ± 8.83% µA mM−1 cm−2 on Cu2O coated graphene printed electrodes, making them a strong candidate for future portable, non-invasive glucose monitoring devices on biodegradable substrates. For portable applications we demonstrated the sensor on artificial sweat in 0.1 M NaOH solution, indicating the Cu2O nanocluster is selective to glucose from 0.0 to +0.6 V even in the presence of common interference such as urea and NaCl.

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Energy Autonomous Sweat‐Based Wearable Systems

Cited by 109 publications

References 224 publications

Wearable Biofuel Cells: Advances from Fabrication to Application

Wearable Biofuel Cells: Advances from Fabrication to Application

Stretchable Systems

Cu2O-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Non-Invasive and Portable Glucose Detection

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