Energy and Sustainable Development in Smart Cities: An Overview

Abstract

Smart cities are an innovative concept for managing metropolitan areas to increase their residents’ sustainability and quality of life. This article examines the management and evolution of energy generation, various storage systems and the applications they serve, and infrastructure technology’s current condition and future prospects. Additionally, the study also examines energy-related construction and transportation systems and technologies. The Smart Cities Energy Prediction Task Force predicts electrical usage using STLF, SVM, and e-learning machines. To keep a system working well throughout the year, fossil fuels must be utilised as a backup energy source. Technologies can only benefit if integrated into the city’s infrastructure. By 2050, it is anticipated that the global population will surpass 10 billion, with most people settling in metropolitan regions. Between 2020 and 2027, the global market for smart energy is anticipated to expand by 27.1% annually, from USD 122.2 billion in 2020 to USD 652 billion in 2026. In 2020, Europe will account for 31.8 per cent of total smart energy product sales. China’s GDP is projected to grow by 33.0 per cent annually, reaching USD 176.1 billion by the conclusion of the analysis period. Consequently, smart cities are expanding and blooming worldwide, yet there are no permanent standards.

An Assessment Model for Sustainability City Using Crowdsourced Data Based on General System Theory: A Design Science Methodology Approach

“…This encompasses a spectrum of factors, including pollution, emissions, defilement, and waste management [82]. The indicators of energy is intricately interwoven with the judicious consumption of energy and the active pursuit of employing sustainable sources [83]. This encompasses a diverse array of components such as renewable energy, electricity usage, green industrial practices, and solar power initiatives [84].…”

Energy efficient reliable data transmission for optimizing IoT data transmission in smart city

“…The adjusted interconnecting area 𝜔(𝑑) for IoT sensor node 𝑑 can be obtained by utilizing (6) with the condition 𝑟 = 𝑃 ̅ 2𝑃 ⁄ . According to the mathematical expression denoted in (7), the standardized active region of sensing can be determined using (12). From the preceding equation, the probability that an IoT sensor node will serve as CH increases for the lower values of 𝜇(𝑑), and decreases for greater values of 𝜇(𝑑).…”

“…Efficient data transmission is paramount, considering the resource limitations of many IoT devices [11]. Energy-efficient data transmission models are vital to extend the operational life of battery-powered devices, ensuring a sustainable and reliable smart city infrastructure [12]. Despite the transformative potential of IoT-Cloud integration in smart cities, challenges persist in achieving optimal data collection, analysis, and transmission [13].…”

Measuring and Assessing the Level of Living Conditions and Quality of Life in Smart Sustainable Cities in Poland—Framework for Evaluation Based on MCDM Methods

“…This broad approach to the problems of the existence of modern cities makes the smart solutions used in them also part of their sustainable development. This creates favorable conditions for improving, in many aspects, the QoL of their current and future residents [56][57][58].…”