Energy and Delay Aware Data Aggregation in Routing Protocol for Internet of Things

Sankar, S.; Balasubramaniyam, Sathiyabhama; Luhach, Ashish Kr.; Ramasubbareddy, Somula; Chilamkurti, Naveen; Nam, Yunyoung

doi:10.3390/s19245486

Cited by 48 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…The existing data aggregation techniques based on clustering and region attempts to reduce duplicate data transmission across the network to aggregate the data among the network nodes, a suitable energy efficient routing protocol have to be used in the network layer. An energy and delay aware routing protocol [10] consists of two processes, namely parent selection and aggregation. The selection process takes into account Residual energy (RER) to select the optimal parent.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Load Balancing in RPL to Avoid Hotspot Problem for Improving Data Aggregation in IoT

Arunachalam¹,

Nallamothu²

2021

IJIES

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Data aggregation plays a vital role in the Internet of Things (IoT), and it aggregates the collected sensor data from devices to suppress redundant data transmissions. Many-to-one traffic pattern in the IoT induces hotspot problem and inefficient data aggregation. The Routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL) in the network layer impacts the hotspot problem due to the frequent usage of forwarding nodes and load imbalance. The processes of network layer protocol, such as trickle algorithm and Objective Functions (OF) for Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG) construction, need more attention to avoid hotspot for efficient data aggregation. This work proposes a Load Balanced RPL (LoB-RPL) protocol to avoid hotspot creation using a composite metric based parent selection, DODAG construction, and local topology adaptive decision on trickle parameters. The LoBRPL improves the Minimum Hop with Hysteresis Objective Function(MRHOF) using the composite metric based parent selection and tunes the parameters of the Trickle algorithm. It ensures efficient maintenance of DODAG structure, hotspot avoidance, and unnecessary DIO transmissions. Beyond the advantages of composite metric based parent selection, consideration of dynamic parameters may induce frequent parent switching in RPL. To avoid frequent changes in the DODAG structure, the LoB-RPL optimally decides the parent switching threshold. Thus, the proposed work ensures a load-balanced and an energy-efficient RPL routing as well as data aggregation in the IoT environment. The LoB-RPL delivers outperforming results compared to the base RPL under various inter-packet interval time over 50 node topologies.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the proposed methodology decides the value of k depending on the node density in local topology using the function F(K) in Eqs. (10), (11), and (12).…”

Section: Trickle Algorithm For Broadcast Suppression Using Local-topomentioning

confidence: 99%

Load Balancing in RPL to Avoid Hotspot Problem for Improving Data Aggregation in IoT

Arunachalam¹,

Nallamothu²

2021

IJIES

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“…= ⃗, 1 . = 1 (19) An equivalent way to express the equation is using eigenvalue ( ) and eigenvector( ⃗) such that…”

Section: Markov Chain Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A broader perspective has been adopted by authors in [18] where the energy transfers, power allocations and optimum data rates were explored in order to minimize the overall delay in the energy harvesting of WSNs with interference channels in a time slot. In [19], the authors claim that routing has a significant importance in IoT applications. They suggested the Energy and Delay Aware Data aggregation for IoT in the routing protocol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis for Joint Delay-Power Tradeoff with Buffer/Channel-Aware and Its FPGA Implementation in Wireless Sensor Networks

Dakkak

Eisa

El-Badawy

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In this paper, we aim to investigate the delay-power tradeoff problem which is attracting widespread interest due to its importance in wireless technology. This research has two main objectives. First, to assess the effect of different system parameters on the performance metrics. Second, to provide a solution for this optimization problem. A two-state, slow-fading channel is categorized into good and bad channel states. An adaptive transmission and random data arrivals are considered in our model. Each channel category has its own Markov chain, which is used in modeling the system. A joint Buffer-Aware and Channel-Aware (BACA) problem was introduced. In addition, an enhanced iterative algorithm was introduced for obtaining a sub-optimal delay-power tradeoff. The results show that the tradeoff curve is piecewise linear, convex and decreasing. Furthermore, a channel-aware system was investigated to provide analysis of the effect of system parameters on the delay and power. The obtained results show that the dominant factors that control the system performance are based on the arrival rate and the channel goodness factor. Moreover, a simplified field programable gate array (FPGA) hardware implementation for the channel aware system scheduler is presented. The implementation results show that the consumed power for the proposed scheduler is 98.5 mW and the maximum processing clock speed is 190 MHz.

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“…In today’s world, the Internet of Things (IoT) provides a platform for the researchers to extend communication paradigm to new and varied levels. Computing and sensor devices in the IoT are connected to the Internet, and provide services anytime, anyplace, and anywhere [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. It consists of homogeneous and heterogeneous systems and devices including computers, mobiles, laptop, home appliances, consumer electronics, sensors, and actuators [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CT-RPL: Cluster Tree Based Routing Protocol to Maximize the Lifetime of Internet of Things

Sankar¹,

Ramasubbareddy

Luhach

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Energy conservation is one of the most critical challenges in the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT devices are incredibly resource-constrained and possess miniature power sources, small memory, and limited processing ability. Clustering is a popular method to avoid duplicate data transfer from the participant node to the destination. The selection of the cluster head (CH) plays a crucial role in gathering and aggregating the data from the cluster members and forwarding the data to the sink node. The inefficient CH selection causes packet failures during the data transfer and early battery depletion nearer to the sink. This paper proposes a cluster tree-based routing protocol (CT-RPL) to increase the life span of the network and avoid the data traffic among the network nodes. The CT-RPL involves three processes, namely cluster formation, cluster head selection, and route establishment. The cluster is formed based on the Euclidean distance. The CH selection is accomplished using a game theoretic approach. Finally, the route is established using the metrics residual energy ratio (RER), queue utilization (QU), and expected transmission count (ETX). The simulation is carried out by using a COOJA simulator. The efficiency of a CT-RPL is compared with the Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) and energy-efficient heterogeneous ring clustering routing (E2HRC-RPL), which reduces the traffic load and decreases the packet loss ratio. Thus, the CT-RPL enhances the lifetime of the network by 30–40% and the packet delivery ratio by 5–10%.

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Energy and Delay Aware Data Aggregation in Routing Protocol for Internet of Things

Cited by 48 publications

References 28 publications

Load Balancing in RPL to Avoid Hotspot Problem for Improving Data Aggregation in IoT

Load Balancing in RPL to Avoid Hotspot Problem for Improving Data Aggregation in IoT

Analysis for Joint Delay-Power Tradeoff with Buffer/Channel-Aware and Its FPGA Implementation in Wireless Sensor Networks

CT-RPL: Cluster Tree Based Routing Protocol to Maximize the Lifetime of Internet of Things

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