CT-RPL: Cluster Tree Based Routing Protocol to Maximize the Lifetime of Internet of Things

Sankar, S.; Ramasubbareddy, Somula; Luhach, Ashish Kr.; Nayyar, Anand; Qureshi, Basit

doi:10.3390/s20205858

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…CICADA reduces delay and power consumption in the network. Wireless Autonomous Spanning Tree Protocol (WASP) analyzes end-to-end delay to reduce power consumption, network delay and packet loss [31]. WASP is compared with legacy CSMA in the MAC layer, and fixed routing in the network layer ensures better packet delivery ratio.…”

Section: Cross-layered Routing Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Insight on Optimization Techniques for Uncertain and Reliable Routing in Wireless Body Area Networks

Sakthivel

Ganesan

2023

JMC

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In recent times, Wireless Body Area Networks a subsection of Wireless Sensor Network is a promising technology for future healthcare realm with cutting-edge technologies that can assist healthcare professionals like doctors, nurses and biomedical engineers. Machine Learning and Internet of Things enabled medical big data is the future of healthcare sector and Medical Technology-based industries leading to applications in other sectors such as fitness tracking for commercial purposes, Sportsperson health monitoring to track their day-to-day activities and wearable devices for critical and emergency care. This comprehensive review article addresses Wireless Body Area Network state-of-art and the dependence of Optimization Techniques and Meta-heuristic Algorithms for an efficient routing path between two sensor nodes: source node and destination node and it plays an effective role in optimizing the network parameters such as radio range, energy consumption, throughput, data aggregation, clustering and routing. Designing of energy-efficient routing for wireless body are network is such a challenging task due to uncertainty in dynamic network topology, energy constraints and limited power consumption. Optimization Techniques can help the researchers to achieve the drawbacks mentioned above and energy-efficiency of the network can be improved. In this article, we focus majorly on the efficiency of usage of optimization algorithms for Wireless Body Area Network routing mechanisms and a summary of its earlier studies during 2012-2023 epoch. Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, Ant Colony Optimization, Artificial Bee Colony and Firefly Optimization algorithms were discussed on achieving local optima for better results through optimization. This article provides an insight into existing gaps and further modifications to the researchers in WBAN that can motivate them to propose new ideas for reliable solutions. Performance comparison and evaluation of different bio-inspired optimization algorithms has been discussed for further improvement in optimized routing algorithms.

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Section: Cross-layered Routing Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Insight on Optimization Techniques for Uncertain and Reliable Routing in Wireless Body Area Networks

Sakthivel

Ganesan

2023

JMC

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“…Sharma et al [ 134 ] suggest another MRHOF-based objective function that takes into account three routing metrics: ETX, energy, and delay. Energy consumption, in order to increase the lifespan of the network, is also considered by Sankar et al [ 135 ], which suggests cluster-tree-based routing protocol to maximize the lifetime of IoT (CT-RPL). As the name suggests, CT-RPL is a cluster-based routing protocol that involves three processes: cluster formation, cluster-head selection, and route establishment.…”

Section: Routing For Data Gathering In Wsnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Gathering Techniques in WSN: A Cross-Layer View

Gurewitz

Shifrin

Dvir

2022

Sensors

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have taken a giant leap in scale, expanding their applicability to a large variety of technological domains and applications, ranging from the Internet of things (IoT) for smart cities and smart homes to wearable technology healthcare applications, underwater, agricultural and environmental monitoring and many more. This expansion is rapidly growing every passing day in terms of the variety, heterogeneity and the number of devices which such applications support. Data collection is commonly the core application in WSN and IoT networks, which are typically composed of a large variety of devices, some constrained by their resources (e.g., processing, storage, energy) and some by highly diverse demands. Many challenges span all the conceptual communication layers, from the Physical to the Applicational. Many novel solutions devised in the past do not scale well with the exponential growth in the population of the devices and need to be adapted, revised, or new innovative solutions are required to comply with this massive growth. Furthermore, recent technological advances present new opportunities which can be leveraged in this context. This paper provides a cross-layer perspective and review of data gathering in WSN and IoT networks. We provide some background and essential milestones that have laid the foundation of many subsequent solutions suggested over the years. We mainly concentrate on recent state-of-the-art research, which facilitates the scalable, energy-efficient, cost-effective, and human-friendly functionality of WSNs and the novel applications in the years to come.

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“…Energy conservation is a significant challenge in the Internet of ings. A cluster tree-based routing protocol (CT-RPL) is proposed [24], in which CH selection is accomplished using a game theoretic approach. Senkar et al proposed an energy-saving clustering and routing protocol for the Internet of ings based on swarm intelligence [25], which uses a swarm algorithm to select cluster heads and reduce the delay of data to base stations.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource Scheduling Based on Unequal Clustering in Internet of Things

Bai

Zhang

Xie³

et al. 2022

Mobile Information Systems

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Resource scheduling in a fair and efficient manner is a significant challenge in the Internet of Things. Although unequal clustering is an effective technique for alleviating the “energy holes” problem in multihop communication, resource scheduling based on unequal clustering is scarcely conducted. In the present study, a new resource scheduling based on unequal clustering in the Internet of Things (RSUC) is proposed. In RSUC, unequal clustering and multihop routing are considered, and the “energy holes” problem is alleviated effectively. RSUC includes resource scheduling of intracluster communication and intercluster communication. In resource scheduling of intracluster communication, according to the threshold of the number of cluster members, the cluster heads (CHs) recycle resources of failed nodes. In resource scheduling of intercluster communication, CHs in the different layers based on transmission chain obtain different sending and receiving time slots. In RSUC, CHs that are near the base station (BS) have fewer intracluster communication time slots and more intercluster communication time slots. Clusters that are further away from the BS end intercluster communication earlier and enter into intracluster communication instead of waiting for all CHs to complete intercluster communication. The simulation results reveal that RSUC significantly increases the network throughput and reduces the energy consumption of the Internet of Things.

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CT-RPL: Cluster Tree Based Routing Protocol to Maximize the Lifetime of Internet of Things

Cited by 33 publications

References 51 publications

An Insight on Optimization Techniques for Uncertain and Reliable Routing in Wireless Body Area Networks

An Insight on Optimization Techniques for Uncertain and Reliable Routing in Wireless Body Area Networks

Data Gathering Techniques in WSN: A Cross-Layer View

Resource Scheduling Based on Unequal Clustering in Internet of Things

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