Energetics of Social Hibernation

Arnold, W.

doi:10.1201/9780429040931-7

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore, we expected higher consumption of meat (marmots) during the later months. Golden marmots are very sensitive to low body temperature and hibernate socially in a single hibernaculum [42], which prevents body temperatures falling below a critical threshold through coordinated bouts of social thermoregulation [75,76]. Blumstein and Arnold [42]reported, from an area close to DNP, that above-ground activity of marmots becomes limited by the first week of September, and they start plugging burrows for hibernation by the second week of September.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet of the brown bear in Himalaya: Combining classical and molecular genetic techniques

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ecological requirements of brown bears are poorly known in the Himalaya region, which complicates conservation efforts. We documented the diet of the Himalayan brown bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus) by combining classical scat analysis and a newly developed molecular genetic technique (the trnL approach), in Deosai National Park, Pakistan. Brown bears consumed over 50 plant species, invertebrates, ungulates, and several rodents. Eight plant families; Poaceae, Polygonaceae, Cyperaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Caryophyllaceae, Lamiaceae, and Rubiaceae were commonly eaten with graminoids comprising the bulk of the diet. Golden marmots comprised the major mammalian biomass in the park, and were also the main meat source for bears. Animal matter, making 36% of dietary content, contributed half of the digestible energy, due to its higher nutritious value. We did not find a significant temporal pattern in diet, perhaps because the availability of the major diet (graminoids) did not change over the foraging period. Male brown bears were more carnivorous than females, probably because of their larger size, which requires higher energy and also makes them more efficient in capturing marmots. Frequencies of three plant species were also significantly higher in male brown bears; Bistorta affinis, Carex diluta, and Carex sp. Diet of the brown bear differed significantly between the park and surrounding valleys. In valleys, diet consisted predominantly of graminoids and crops, whereas the park provided more nutritious and diverse foodThe estimated digestible energy available to brown bears in Deosai was the lowest documented among brown bear populations, due to the lack of fruits and a relatively lower meat content. The low nutritious diet and high cost of metabolism in a high-altitude environment, probably explains the very low reproductive potential of this population.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet of the brown bear in Himalaya: Combining classical and molecular genetic techniques

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus), unlike dormice (G. glis) held under the same environmental conditions, did not change torpor expression according to photoperiod (Morrison, 1964). Thus in this and other sciurids, the seasonal use of torpor can be more or less independent of photoperiod and to some extent even from T a and is governed principally by a circannual rhythm (Morrison, 1964;Wang, 1978;Kenagy and Barnes, 1988;Barnes, 1996;Geiser et al, 1990;Michener, 1992;Arnold, 1993;Körtner and Geiser, 2000a;French, 2008;Williams et al, 2017).…”

Section: What Causes the Seasonal Change In Torpor Expression?mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This is also the case for European alpine marmots (Marmota marmota). Alpine marmots show social hibernation, periodic rewarming is highly synchronized among individuals and the degree of synchrony affects mass loss during winter (Arnold, 1988(Arnold, , 1993Ruf and Arnold, 2000). When juveniles were part of a hibernating group, territorial males commenced the rewarming process earlier than juveniles, which can use the heat generated by adults for partial passive rewarming.…”

Section: Seasonal Hibernation Mammals Rodentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Expression of Avian and Mammalian Daily Torpor and Hibernation: Not a Simple Summer-Winter Affair†

Geiser

2020

Front. Physiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Daily torpor and hibernation (multiday torpor) are the most efficient means for energy conservation in endothermic birds and mammals and are used by many small species to deal with a number of challenges. These include seasonal adverse environmental conditions and low food/water availability, periods of high energetic demands, but also reduced foraging options because of high predation pressure. Because such challenges differ among regions, habitats and food consumed by animals, the seasonal expression of torpor also varies, but the seasonality of torpor is often not as clear-cut as is commonly assumed and differs between hibernators and daily heterotherms expressing daily torpor exclusively. Hibernation is found in mammals from all three subclasses from the arctic to the tropics, but is known for only one bird. Several hibernators can hibernate for an entire year or express torpor throughout the year (8% of species) and more hibernate from late summer to spring (14%). The most typical hibernation season is the cold season from fall to spring (48%), whereas hibernation is rarely restricted to winter (6%). In hibernators, torpor expression changes significantly with season, with strong seasonality mainly found in the sciurid and cricetid rodents, but seasonality is less pronounced in the marsupials, bats and dormice. Daily torpor is diverse in both mammals and birds, typically is not as seasonal as hibernation and torpor expression does not change significantly with season. Torpor in spring/summer has several selective advantages including: energy and water conservation, facilitation of reproduction or growth during development with limited resources, or minimisation of foraging and thus exposure to predators. When torpor is expressed in spring/summer it is usually not as deep and long as in winter, because of higher ambient temperatures, but also due to seasonal functional plasticity. Unlike many other species, subtropical nectarivorous blossom-bats and desert spiny mice use more frequent and pronounced torpor in summer than in winter, which is related to seasonal availability of nectar or water. Thus, seasonal use of torpor is complex and differs among species and habitats.

show abstract

“…During multiday torpor in hibernators, the metabolic rate can be reduced to <5% of the basal MR and T b often falls to near 0°C, but substantial energy saving can also be achieved at relative high T b (Tøien et al, 2011 ; Ruf and Geiser, 2015 ). Huddling in groups could have further enhanced energy savings (Arnold, 1993 ; Gilbert et al, 2010 ; Eto et al, 2014 ; Nowack and Geiser, 2016 ). Although it is widely accepted that hibernating mammals can survive without food for about 6 months, recent data have shown that some can do even better than that.…”

Section: The Function Of Mammalian Heterothermy At the K-pg Boundarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phoenix from the Ashes: Fire, Torpor, and the Evolution of Mammalian Endothermy

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Energetics of Social Hibernation

Cited by 10 publications

References 1 publication

Diet of the brown bear in Himalaya: Combining classical and molecular genetic techniques

Diet of the brown bear in Himalaya: Combining classical and molecular genetic techniques

Seasonal Expression of Avian and Mammalian Daily Torpor and Hibernation: Not a Simple Summer-Winter Affair†

Phoenix from the Ashes: Fire, Torpor, and the Evolution of Mammalian Endothermy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About