Energetic Protons and α Particles Emitted in 150-keV Deuteron Bombardment on Deuterated Ti

Abstract

Energetic charged particles have been measured in the bombardment of 150-keV deuterons on deuterated Ti. Protons and α particles were observed with energies up to ~17 and ~6.5 MeV, respectively, which can never be attained in the D+D reaction. A bump structure at around 14 MeV seen in the proton spectrum can be well explained as emitted in the sequential reaction involving three deuterons. However, protons and α particles distributed continuously up to the maximum energies can never be understood as products of the conceivable nuclear reactions.KEYWORDS: D+D reaction in Ti, high energy proton emission, α-particle emission, 3D reactions, sequential reaction §1. IntroductionIn a series of experiments on bombardments of low energy deuterons on deuterated Ti for a study of the low energy D + D reaction in metal, we have observed energetic charged particles which cannot be explained as emitted in usual nuclear reactions. They are protons with energies up to ~17 MeV and α particles with energies up to ~6.5 MeV. In this paper, we point out how the observed energy spectra indicate that a reaction involving three deuterons occurs in the bombardment; a bump seen in the proton spectra can be well understood, whereas the mechanism of emitting the continuous protons and α particles is not completely clear at present time. §2. ExperimentTargets were prepared as follows. D 2 gas was absorbed by various Ti rods (99.5% Ti; 10, 8, and 6 mm in diameter and 30 mm in length) and plates (10 mm × 30 mm × 2 mm), which were manufactured by Nippon Mining Co., Ltd. A cylindrical vessel (16 mm in inner diameter and 10 cm in length) made of inconel metal was used for the gas absorption, and was set in an electric oven. Typical contaminants in Ti are listed in Table I. The vacuum line was made of stainless steel and was evacuated by a turbo molecular pump. Before admitting D 2 gas, a Ti rod or plate was loaded into a vessel and degassed by heating the vessel at around 800°C in vacuum of 10 -5 Pa for at least 20 hours. After that, the vessel was cooled down to about 600°C and then was filled with the D 2 gas. The system was refilled with the gas again and again until the

Triple Deuterium Fusion by Three Body Recombination Between Deuteron and the Nuclei of Lattice Trapped Deuterium Molecules

“…On the basis of the hypothesis it is possible to draw the following consequences: some of these have already been stated by Takahashi 1,2 ; notably the relative prevalence of 4 He, 3 He, tritium and neutrons.…”

“…Triple deuterium fusion as an explanation for fusion in condensed matter was proposed by Takahashi in 1989 1,2 , by Kasagi et al 3 , Engvild 4 and several others, The present hypothesis involves injecting a deuteron between the two deuterium nuclei of a deuterium molecule which is trapped in a dense lattice, probably a chemical compound of palladium/titanium-like metal and impurity: Triple deuterium fusion has been dismissed by most physicists 5 because the D's in a normal palladium lattice are almost 3 angstrom apart. The D's are kept separate by their electric charge which is only lightly screened by the electrons of the metal.…”

“…• A number of radioactive and stable isotopes will be formed after nuclear reactions between elements in the electrode and accelerated D, T, 3 He and 4 He.…”

“…If deuterons were injected between the D's of the deuterium molecules the average separation between the three D's could be less than 0.6 angstrom. In the lattice there is not enough room to form a D 3 + ion or a D 3 Rydberg molecule ( Fig. 1) The triple D complex with an average separation between the D's of less than 0.6 angstrom could possibly turn into a virtual nuclear efimov resonance 8,9,10 .…”

Measurements of the D+D Reaction in Ti Metal with Incident Energies between 4.7 and 18 keV

“…10, were set at the center of a scattering chamber. In order to avoid carbon build-up on the target, liquid nitrogen traps were set at the beam line and at the chamber.…”