Eneramic Power Generator – A Reliable and Cycleable 100W SOFC-System

Reuber, Sebastian; Pönicke, Andreas; Wunderlich, Christian; Michaelis, Alexander

doi:10.1149/05701.0161ecst

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The systematic consideration of different system design options resulted in methodology for efficiency vs. cost driven optimization of SOFC powered devices (47). Especially the importance of heat management in small devices and in steam reforming driven units for total system efficiency and self-sustaining operation has been recognized and successfully managed (8).…”

Section: Stationary Sofc Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main challenges of planar stacks like sealing technology, interconnect oxidation and chromium release, mechanical failures as well as large area cell contacting have been successfully managed using different approaches (2-7) leading to stacks with sufficient power density and efficiency for combined power and heat (CHP) generation. Furthermore the planar stacks even could be utilized in small power generation systems (8) demonstrating acceptable thermal cycling ability and competing with microtubular technology. Initial problems with durability have been addressed by extensive academic research (9)(10)(11) and allowed to reduce the power degradation of planar stacks down to 0.4…0.6 % /1,000 h, which results in operating life expectations of 40,000 h. A further decrease of degradation rate is topic of ongoing research at academia and industry and is also addressed at IKTS by optimization of composition of materials and their morphology, by automation of component manufacturing and quality assurance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The integration of stacks operating at high temperatures into systems is the next step for SOC technology. Whereas in small systems very tight component integration is needed to minimize thermal losses and keep thermal balance even at operation under the condition of partial load (8), high power applications (>3 kW) require standardized stack module solutions for system integration. Initially this direction was underestimated because of strong focusing on mCHP market with power units of 0.7-2.5 kW.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in SOC Development at Fraunhofer IKTS

et al. 2021

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After long and successful development history of Solid Oxide Cells (SOC) continuous improvement in performance, longevity, manufacturing, and system integration it is necessary to bring this highly efficient technology to the market. The activities on material development and optimization at IKTS are focused mainly on enhancement of durability for SOFC, SOEC, and rSOC operation and on boosting the power density. During recent years considerable efforts on simplification and automation of cell and stack manufacturing processes have been addressed. The processes for electrode manufacturing have been adjusted for high yield automated printing on thin electrolytes with integrated quality control measures. Efficient ways for reduction of time and energy consumption for sealing process of SOC stacks have been found and demonstrated in pilot production as well as automated assembling of components to stacks was shown. The increasing interest in “green hydrogen” created multiple opportunities for SOEC technology to be considered as inherent part of industrial and chemical processes. IKTS pioneering work on coupled operation of SOEC module with Fischer-Tropsch reactor provided first demonstration of feasibility of this approach for wax production. However, high power electrolysis applications (>10 MW) will need new approaches for stack design and put higher requirements on durability.

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Section: Stationary Sofc Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress in SOC Development at Fraunhofer IKTS

et al. 2021

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“…The system concept is presented in detail elsewhere (1,2), here it is briefly described. In general the challenge of this nano power range was to develop a highly integrated gas processing unit (GPU) to minimize thermal losses of this small system.…”

Section: Sofc Technology and System Concept Behind Eneramic ®mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application-Oriented Design and Field Trial of the Eneramic® Power Generator

Reuber¹,

Jürgens²,

Pfeifer³

et al. 2015

ECS Trans.

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Off-grid power generation is considered as an attractive market for fuel cells. For this reason, a compact SOFC battery hybrid system is being developed and commercialized by Fraunhofer IKTS. The 100 W hybrid system operates on commercially available LPG fuels. Different prototypes are being tested in the lab and under real-life applications while a first product version is available for industrial customers. For off-grid applications frequent start-stop cycles are expected, which are challenging for the SOFC technology. Following these requirements IKTS has consistently improved the robustness of the SOFC up to an interim goal of now 110 start-stop cycles by quality measures, design and the operating procedure. The reliability of the core technology highlights the long-term performance at power degradation of < 0.6 % per 1,000 h over 16,000 h in Hotbox test. The results of the automated laboratory and field tests will be discussed in this paper.

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“…Measuring of the internal SOFC stack temperature, or temperature distribution, is possible but costly and increases system complexity 9–13. The problem is even further promoted in systems with high power output, which requires using multiple SOFC stacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Multivariable Regression Model for SOFC Stack Temperature Estimation in System Environment

et al. 2015

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The applicability of multivariable linear regression (MLR) models to estimate the maximum temperature inside a SOFC stack is investigated experimentally. The experiments were carried out with a complete 10 kW SOFC system. The behavior of the maximum temperature measured inside a SOFC stack with respect to four independent input variables (stack current, air flow, air inlet temperature and fuel flow) is examined following the design of experiments methodology, and MLR models are created based on the retrieved data. The practical feasibility of the MLR estimate is investigated experimentally with the 10 kW system by evaluating the accuracy of the estimate in two test cases: (i) a system load change where the stack temperature is regulated by a closedloop controller using the MLR estimate and (ii) during operator-imposed disturbances in the fuel system (a variation in the methane conversion in the fuel pre-reformer). Finally, the performance of the MLR estimate is evaluated with another, 64-cell stack operated at higher current density.

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Eneramic Power Generator – A Reliable and Cycleable 100W SOFC-System

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

Progress in SOC Development at Fraunhofer IKTS

Progress in SOC Development at Fraunhofer IKTS

Application-Oriented Design and Field Trial of the Eneramic® Power Generator

Application of Multivariable Regression Model for SOFC Stack Temperature Estimation in System Environment

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