Endrin: Use of Concentration in Blood to Diagnose Acute Toxicity to Fish

Mount, Donald I.; Vigor, Linda W.; Schäfer, Mary L.

doi:10.1126/science.152.3727.1388

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…At this exposure level, the model predicts a body residue of 2.0 × 10 -6 mol·kg -1 , nearly equal to the actual measurement of 2.9 × 10 -6 mol·kg -1 (eq 3). Other fish species died after short-term exposure at internal levels in the 2.0 × 10 -6 to 3.0 × 10 -6 mol·kg -1 ( , ). Variability may thus be attributed to differences in transformation and induction of substances with the same mode of action, to differences in sensitivity of species, and to differences in response levels measured.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Body Residues Linked to Octanol−Water Partitioning, Organism Composition, and LC₅₀QSARs: Meta-analysis and Model

Hendriks

Traas

Huijbregts

2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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To protect thousands of species from thousands of chemicals released in the environment, various risk assessment tools have been developed. Here, we link quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for response concentrations in water (LC50) to critical concentrations in organisms (C50) by a model for accumulation in lipid or non-lipid phases versus water Kpw. The model indicates that affinity for neutral body components such as storage fat yields steep Kpw-Kow relationships, whereas slopes for accumulation in polar phases such as proteins are gentle. This pattern is confirmed by LC50 QSARs for different modes of action, such as neutral versus polar narcotics and organochlorine versus organophosphor insecticides. LC50 QSARs were all between 0.00002 and 0.2Kow(-1). After calibrating the model with the intercepts and, for the first time also, with the slopes of the LC50 QSARs, critical concentrations in organisms C50 are calculated and compared to an independent validation data set. About 60% of the variability in lethal body burdens C50 is explained by the model. Explanations for differences between estimated and measured levels for 11 modes of action are discussed. In particular, relationships between the critical concentrations in organisms C50 and chemical (Kow) or species (lipid content) characteristics are specified and tested. The analysis combines different models proposed before and provides a substantial extension of the data set in comparison to previous work. Moreover, the concept is applied to species (e.g., plants, lean animals) and substances (e.g., specific modes of action) that were scarcely studied quantitatively so far.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Body Residues Linked to Octanol−Water Partitioning, Organism Composition, and LC₅₀QSARs: Meta-analysis and Model

Hendriks

Traas

Huijbregts

2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Toxicity varies with time of exposure, the LC50 decreasing as exposure duration increases [1,2,5,10,[17][18][19]28,29,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. This is due to the accumulation of toxicant over time up to the CBR.…”

Section: Time Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Application of an Oil Toxicity and Exposure Model, Oiltoxex

French-McCay¹

2002

Environ Toxicol Chem

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An oil toxicity and exposure model (OilToxEx) was developed and validated for estimation of impacts to aquatic organisms resulting from acute exposure to spilled oil. Because oil exposure is shorter than the time required for equilibrium between the organism and the water to be reached, the time and temperature dependence of toxicity is addressed. Oil toxicity is a function of aromatic composition and the toxicity of individual aromatics in the mixture. Lethal concentration to 50% of exposed organisms (LC50), as a function of octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow), and an additive model are used to estimate the toxicity of monoaromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures in water-soluble fractions (WSF) and oil-in-water dispersions (OWD) of oil. The toxicity model was verified by comparison with oil bioassay data where the exposure concentrations of aromatics were measured. The observed toxicity in the bioassays could be accounted for by the additive narcotic effects of the dissolved aromatics in the exposure media. Predicted LC50s were compared to those calculated from measured concentrations after spills to verify the exposure model for field conditions. These results indicate that the additive toxicity and exposure model may be used to estimate toxicity of untested oils and spill conditions.

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“…A test system similar to the one described by Mount, Vigor, et al (1966) was used for this study. Test chambers measuring 30 X 30 X 180 cm.…”

Section: Biological Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several methods for diagnosing the cause of fish mortalities have been published (Mount, 1964;Mount, Vigor, et al, 1966;Brungs and Mount, 1966). These are based on the measurement of the concentration of a chemical in a particular tissue and on experimental exposures that have demonstrated a threshold concentration, above which death results.…”

Section: Syntheticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parathion-use of blood concentration to diagnose mortality of fish

Mount¹,

Boyle²

1969

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Endrin: Use of Concentration in Blood to Diagnose Acute Toxicity to Fish

Cited by 23 publications

References 4 publications

Critical Body Residues Linked to Octanol−Water Partitioning, Organism Composition, and LC₅₀QSARs: Meta-analysis and Model

Critical Body Residues Linked to Octanol−Water Partitioning, Organism Composition, and LC₅₀QSARs: Meta-analysis and Model

Development and Application of an Oil Toxicity and Exposure Model, Oiltoxex

Parathion-use of blood concentration to diagnose mortality of fish

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Endrin: Use of Concentration in Blood to Diagnose Acute Toxicity to Fish

Cited by 23 publications

References 4 publications

Critical Body Residues Linked to Octanol−Water Partitioning, Organism Composition, and LC50QSARs: Meta-analysis and Model

Critical Body Residues Linked to Octanol−Water Partitioning, Organism Composition, and LC50QSARs: Meta-analysis and Model

Development and Application of an Oil Toxicity and Exposure Model, Oiltoxex

Parathion-use of blood concentration to diagnose mortality of fish

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Critical Body Residues Linked to Octanol−Water Partitioning, Organism Composition, and LC₅₀QSARs: Meta-analysis and Model

Critical Body Residues Linked to Octanol−Water Partitioning, Organism Composition, and LC₅₀QSARs: Meta-analysis and Model