Endoxylanases in Durum Wheat Semolina Processing:  Solubilization of Arabinoxylans, Action of Endogenous Inhibitors, and Effects on Rheological Properties

Ingelbrecht, JA; Verwimp, Tiny; Delcour, Jan A.

doi:10.1021/jf991299b

Cited by 32 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The AX and WUAX contents were calculated as in Ingelbrecht et al . [42]: AX = [%xylose + %arabinose − (0.7 × %galactose)] × 0.88. The soluble AX was calculated by difference: TOAX–WUAX.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in Content and Extractability of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) Arabinoxylans Associated with Genetic and Environmental Factors

Ciccoritti

Scalfati

Cammerata

et al. 2011

IJMS

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Arabinoxylans (AX) represent the most abundant components of non-starch polysaccharides in wheat, constituting about 70% of cell wall polysaccharides. An important property of AX is their ability to form highly viscous water solutions; this peculiarity has a significant impact on the technological characteristics of wheat and determines the physiologically positive influence in consumption. Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum), the raw material for pasta production, is one of the most important crops in Italy. As part of a large project aimed at improving durum wheat quality, the characterization of the nutritional and technological aspects of whole grains was considered. Particular attention was addressed to identify the best suited genotypes for the production of innovative types of pasta with enhanced functional and organoleptic properties. The objective of the present study was to investigate the genetic variability of AX by examining a group of durum wheat genotypes collected at two localities in Italy for two consecutive years. The environmental influence on AX content and extractability was also evaluated. Variability in the AX fraction contents was observed; the results indicated that AX fractions of durum wheat grain can be affected by the genotype and environment characteristics and the different contribution of genotype and environment to total variation was evidenced. The genotype × environment (G × E) interaction was significant for all examined traits, the variations due to G × E being lower than that of genotype or environment. The data and the statistical analysis allowed identification of the Italian durum wheat varieties that were consistently higher in total arabinoxilans; in addition, principal component analysis biplots illustrated that for arabinoxylan fractions some varieties responded differently in various environment climatic conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in Content and Extractability of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) Arabinoxylans Associated with Genetic and Environmental Factors

Ciccoritti

Scalfati

Cammerata

et al. 2011

IJMS

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“…1C), aromatic compounds known to be attached to arabinosyl residues in xylans that are substituted with xylosyl residues (13). The 4 M KOH extract of depectinated AIR was further characterized by enzymatic fingerprinting with M6 endoxylanase (35). The released oligosaccharides were separated and quantified by high performance anion exchange chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPAEC-PAD) ( Fig.…”

Section: Xax1 Is a Previously Uncharacterized Xylan Biosynthesis Genementioning

confidence: 99%

XAX1 from glycosyltransferase family 61 mediates xylosyltransfer to rice xylan

Chiniquy

Sharma

Schultink

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

176

161

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Xylan is the second most abundant polysaccharide on Earth and represents an immense quantity of stored energy for biofuel production. Despite its importance, most of the enzymes that synthesize xylan have yet to be identified. Xylans have a backbone of β-1,4–linked xylose residues with substitutions that include α-(1→2)–linked glucuronosyl, 4- O -methyl glucuronosyl, and α-1,2- and α-1,3-arabinofuranosyl residues. The substitutions are structurally diverse and vary by taxonomy, with grass xylan representing a unique composition distinct from dicots and other monocots. To date, no enzyme has yet been identified that is specific to grass xylan synthesis. We identified a xylose-deficient loss-of-function rice mutant in Os02g22380, a putative glycosyltransferase in a grass-specific subfamily of family GT61. We designate the mutant xax1 for x ylosyl a rabinosyl substitution of x ylan 1. Enzymatic fingerprinting of xylan showed the specific absence in the mutant of a peak, which was isolated and determined by 1 H-NMR to be (β-1,4-Xyl) 4 with a β-Xyl p -(1→2)-α-Ara f -(1→3). Rice xax1 mutant plants are deficient in ferulic and coumaric acid, aromatic compounds known to be attached to arabinosyl residues in xylan substituted with xylosyl residues. The xax1 mutant plants exhibit an increased extractability of xylan and increased saccharification, probably reflecting a lower degree of diferulic cross-links. Activity assays with microsomes isolated from tobacco plants transiently expressing XAX1 demonstrated xylosyltransferase activity onto endogenous acceptors. Our results provide insight into grass xylan synthesis and how substitutions may be modified for increased saccharification for biofuel generation.

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“…One of the major processing quality attributes of biscuits is their dimensional stability, with retraction and excessive spreading being the two opposite main flaws. [283][284][285] This solubilization seems to result more from the processing mechanical constraints (shear stress) than from endogenous enzymes. 280,281 The role of WE-AXs has been more disputed.…”

Section: Biscuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%