Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (T786C and G894T) polymorphisms in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

BackgroundGenetic factors play important role in the development of type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene is responsible for the bioavailability of nitric oxide and endothelial function.AimTo assess the association of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) (T786C and G894T) single nucleotide polymorphisms with Egyptian type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy.Patients and methodsA total of 200 type 2 diabetic patients and 100 apparently healthy volunteers as controls were included in the study. They were subjected to clinical examination and laboratory tests: fasting blood glucose, HBA1C, lipid profile, serum creatinine, blood urea and albumin creatinine ratio (ACR). Assessment of the T786C and G894T polymorphisms in the eNOS gene was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).ResultsThere was no significant difference in distribution of eNOS T-786C polymorphism between patients and controls; TT genotype of eNOS G894T was more frequent in diabetic patients with and without albuminuria compared to controls. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to ACR. Normoalbuminuria: 37 patients with ACR ≤ 30 mg/g, microalbuminuria: 96 patients with ACR > 30 mg/g and ≤ 300 mg/g, and macroalbuminuria: 67 patients with ACR > 300 mg/g. There was no significant difference in genotype distribution of eNOS T-786C between the 3 groups of diabetic patients. The prevalence of TT genotype of eNOS G894T was higher in microalbuminuria patients compared to other groups.ConclusioneNOS G894T variant may increase risk of type 2 diabetes with lack of association between eNOS T786C, eNOS G894T and DN in Egyptians.

Association of eNOS and MCP-1 Genetic Variants with Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy Susceptibility: A Case–Control and Meta-Analysis Study

“…Experimental evidences have suggested that levels of urea, creatinine and glucose levels are involved in increased insulin resistance and promote the progression of renal disease in T2D patients (Neumiller and Hirsch 2015 ; Kashima et al 2017 ; Li et al 2018 ; Osman et al 2018 ; Xie et al 2018 ; Zaman et al 2018 ; Davies et al 2018 ). Although there are few studies available on the association of eNOS and MCP-1 genotypes with T2D and DN phenotypes, these studies have not deciphered the association of these genotypes with BMI, urea, creatinine and random blood sugar levels (Joo et al 2007 ; Hassan et al 2010 ; Moguib et al 2017 ; Sadati et al 2018 ).…”

Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Atrial Fibrillation

“…In a study conducted by Giusti et al, eNOS T-786C gene polymorphism was found to be associated with a decrease in eNOS gene promoter activity. Furthermore, in the same study, this polymorphism was found to be an independent risk factor for plasma homocysteine concentrations [7][8][9]. It is presented primer sequences that used to determine eNOS T-786, G894T, Intron 4a/4b gene polymorphisms in Table 3.…”

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms as important risk factors of diabetes among Middle East population

“…The eNOS 4a or 894 T allele increased DN progression in a sample of Iranian T2DM cases [ 291 ]. The correlation of type 2 diabetes with TT genotype of eNOS G894T variant was also found among a sample of Egyptian cases [ 292 ]. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is mainly caused by DN.…”