Endothelial glycocalyx as an important factor in composition of blood‐brain barrier

Zhao, Fangfang; Zhong, Liyuan; Luo, Yumin

doi:10.1111/cns.13560

Cited by 45 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…The constant change between soft and stiff endothelial surfaces is imperative for proper functioning of the endothelium. Recently, EG has been defined as a critical component of the expanded neurovascular unit that influences the structure of the blood-brain barrier and plays various physiological functions, including an important role in maintaining normal neuronal homeostasis, which is related to maintaining the integrity of the blood vessel wall [ 12 , 13 ]. However, the tiny structure and more nuanced functions of EG have been greatly ignored for a long time.…”

Section: Structure Of the Glycocalyxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both astrocytes and microglia can rapidly respond to injury by increasing the production of multiple factors that may have a significant effect on BBB function [ 68 ]. EG influences the structure of the BBB, which is related to maintaining the integrity of the blood vessel wall [ 12 ]. However, the primary injury of TBI leads to damaged endothelial cells and EG shedding, thus leading to a loss of barrier integrity and subsequent elevated permeability [ 49 ].…”

Section: Damage and Protection Of The Glycocalyx In Tbimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endothelial glycocalyx in traumatic brain injury associated coagulopathy: potential mechanisms and impact

Zou

Schäfer³

et al. 2021

J Neuroinflammation

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide; more than 10 million people are hospitalized for TBI every year around the globe. While the primary injury remains unavoidable and not accessible to treatment, the secondary injury which includes oxidative stress, inflammation, excitotoxicity, but also complicating coagulation abnormalities, is potentially avoidable and profoundly affects the therapeutic process and prognosis of TBI patients. The endothelial glycocalyx, the first line of defense against endothelial injury, plays a vital role in maintaining the delicate balance between blood coagulation and anticoagulation. However, this component is highly vulnerable to damage and also difficult to examine. Recent advances in analytical techniques have enabled biochemical, visual, and computational investigation of this vascular component. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on (i) structure and function of the endothelial glycocalyx, (ii) its potential role in the development of TBI associated coagulopathy, and (iii) the options available at present for detecting and protecting the endothelial glycocalyx.

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Section: Structure Of the Glycocalyxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Damage and Protection Of The Glycocalyx In Tbimentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelial glycocalyx in traumatic brain injury associated coagulopathy: potential mechanisms and impact

Zou

Schäfer³

et al. 2021

J Neuroinflammation

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“…Figure 1 of Zhao et al, 1 is based on the concept presented in Figure 1 of Haeren et al, 2 but failed to cite the latter.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1 of Zhao et al 1 is reproduced below with the appropriate permission and citation:…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Corrigendum

2021

CNS Neurosci Ther

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“…If the glycocalyx is degraded, the permeability of the BBB increases, leading to neuroedema. The number of leukocyte and platelets binding with the exposed surface receptors of endothelial cells increases, causing inflammation, a blood clotting response, cerebral microcirculation ischemia, and damage to the nervous tissue (Kutuzov et al, 2018;Zhao et al, 2021). Currently, there are few overviews of the glycocalyx and cerebrovascular microcirculation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structure and Function of the Glycocalyx and Its Connection With Blood-Brain Barrier

Jin

Fang

Gao

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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The vascular endothelial glycocalyx is a dense, bush-like structure that is synthesized and secreted by endothelial cells and evenly distributed on the surface of vascular endothelial cells. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is mainly composed of pericytes endothelial cells, glycocalyx, basement membranes, and astrocytes. The glycocalyx in the BBB plays an indispensable role in many important physiological functions, including vascular permeability, inflammation, blood coagulation, and the synthesis of nitric oxide. Damage to the fragile glycocalyx can lead to increased permeability of the BBB, tissue edema, glial cell activation, up-regulation of inflammatory chemokines expression, and ultimately brain tissue damage, leading to increased mortality. This article reviews the important role that glycocalyx plays in the physiological function of the BBB. The review may provide some basis for the research direction of neurological diseases and a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases.

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Endothelial glycocalyx as an important factor in composition of blood‐brain barrier

Cited by 45 publications

References 93 publications

Endothelial glycocalyx in traumatic brain injury associated coagulopathy: potential mechanisms and impact

Endothelial glycocalyx in traumatic brain injury associated coagulopathy: potential mechanisms and impact

Corrigendum

The Structure and Function of the Glycocalyx and Its Connection With Blood-Brain Barrier

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