Endothelial function in HIV-infected patients with low or mild cardiovascular risk

Abstract

HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy who have low or mild cardiovascular risk and lipid levels within the normal range have endothelial dysfunction compared with healthy controls.

HIV-associated vascular diseases: Structural and functional changes, clinical implications

“…Most were intended to determine whether HIV infection, HAART and/or protease inhibitors induce endothelial dysfunction and to test whether this effect is dependent upon antiretroviral therapy mediated lipid disturbances. Accordingly, several studies investigated brachial artery flow mediated vasodilation (FMD) measured by high-resolution ultrasound during reactive hyperemia following transient forearm ischemia in HIV treated and naïve, untreated, patients and controls seronegative for HIV (100)(101)(102)(103)(104)(105). These early studies reached quite similar results: 1 -HIV-infected patients have significant impairment of endothelial function when compared with controls seronegative for HIV; 2 -patients treated with HAART/protease inhibitors had significantly lower FMD than untreated HIV patients (Table 5).…”

High-Fat Meals Do Not Impair Postprandial Endothelial Function in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Men

“…In contrast to several previous trials, 11,13 HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected participants in this study were homogeneous with respect to gender, race, and diagnosis of/treatment for hyperlipidemia. Despite differences between HIV treatment groups, age and lipid values were similar between the HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected groups.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Highly unsaturated omega-3 fatty acids and dietary antioxidants may reverse this effect. [6][7][8][9] HIV has also been associated with impaired FMD in several studies, [10][11][12][13] though this is not a universal finding. 14,15 Impaired endothelial function precedes atherosclerosis and is independent of other cardiovascular (CV) risk factors.…”

“…Cross-sectional studies have noted that patients on ART, particularly protease inhibitors, have impaired FMD, [10][11][12] while intervention trials report that ART improves FMD in previously ART-naïve individuals. 30 Therefore, a secondary purpose of this study was to examine the associations between ART and FMD.…”

Estudo da reatividade vascular em portadores de HIV com e sem uso de inibidor de protease

“…Hypoadiponectinemia is one of the factors responsible for lipodystrophy and metabolic disorder in HIV patients receiving PI 9,10 . Endothelial dysfunction is a premature event in the development of atherosclerotic lesions and may be easily measured using non-invasive ultrasound study of the brachial artery flow 11 . The mechanisms that lead to endothelial dysfunction in HIV-positive patients receiving PI remain not fully understood.…”