Endothelial damage in white coat hypertension: role of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein-1

Abstract

The aims of this study included an examination of soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-1 (sLOX-1) levels in hypertensive (HT) patients. Another aim examined sLOX-1 associations with oxidized LDL (oxLDL), nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide (NOx). A final aim was to compare these parameters between HT patients, white-coat hypertensive (WCH) patients and healthy controls. The three groups, HT, WCH and controls, were comprised of 35 patients each. sLOX-1 and oxLDL levels were significantly increased in WCH and HT patients compared with controls. The eNOS activation was significantly lower in HT than in the control group. sLOX-1 and oxLDL levels were significantly negatively correlated with eNOS levels in the WCH and HT groups. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measurements were significantly higher in the WCH and HT groups compared with controls. There was a significant positive correlation between CIMT and sLOX-1 and oxLDL; however, there was a negative correlation with eNOS in WCH. Regression analysis revealed that sLOX-1 was the variable that had a significant effect on blood pressure (P<0.001, odds ratio (95% confidence interval=23.273 (5.843-92.688)). A possible endothelial impairment may act as a cardiovascular risk factor in WCH. Necessary measures should be considered in terms of atherosclerosis risk with HT, especially in early identification of endothelial damage by looking at sLOX-1 levels. We believe sLOX-1 levels are strong biomarkers for determining early endothelial damage in HT, and especially in WCH patients.

White-coat hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and total mortality

“…Third, although individuals may have normal HBP, but if their BP is raised every time when they encounter stressful events in daily life, such physiological reactivity may take a toll on their BP regulatory systems, increasing the likelihood of progressing to hypertension and CVD. Other plausible mechanisms, including inflammatory activation [34], neurogenic abnormality [35], endothelial dysfunction caused by circulating asymmetric dimethylarginine [36], and oxidized LDL [37], may be involved in the association between WCH and the risk of CVD.…”

Differential Expression of Hypertension-Associated MicroRNAs in the Plasma of Patients With White Coat Hypertension

“…In the literature, with some aspects, WCH is similar to both HT and NT. 6 , 30 WCH is a cardiovascular disease risk factor when compared with NT controls, but has a relatively benign outcome when compared with mild HT. 30 …”

“…The endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerotic processes, and target-organ damage were accompanied with WCH, as they were in the hypertension (HT) patients. 6 , 7 Patients with WCH, which is a high cardiovascular risk condition, have more tendencies to develop sustained hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes compared with NTs. The cardiovascular event was found to be intermediate between sustained hypertension and normotension.…”

The Investigation of MiR-125a and MiR-155 Levels in White Coat Hypertension and Essential Hypertension

“…BÖH'ün normotansifler ile hipertansifler arasında bir ara form olduğu ve hipertansiyonun öncülü olduğu bilinmektedir. Literatürde BÖH'ün normotansif kontrollere göre kardiyovasküler hastalık için artmış bir risk faktörü olduğu fakat bu riskin hipertansifler kadar olmadığı da iyi bilinmektedir (18,19) . (20) .…”