Endosperm—Its Morphology, infrastructure, and Histochemistry

Bhatnagar, S. P.; Sawhney, Veena

doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61286-3

Cited by 33 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…In vivo, maize endosperm development is described as a nuclear type of endosperm formation (Lopes and Larkins, 1993). We did not observe that karyogenesis and cytokinesis were coupled in the first division of the in vitro-produced primary endosperm cell, as is typical for the helobial type of endosperm development in some monocotyledonous species (Bhatnagar and Sawhney, 1981;Vijayaraghavan and Prabhakar, 1984). However, we observed a narrowing in the in vitro-fertilized, four nuclei-containing endosperm cell, which incompletely divided the cell into two chambers.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Endosperm Development after Fusion of Isolated, Single Maize Sperm and Central Cells in Vitro

et al. 1998

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We demonstrate here the possibility of endosperm development in vitro after the fusion of pairs of an isolated sperm and an isolated central cell of maize. The occurrence of karyogamy and the time course of the fusion of sperm and central cell nuclei are presented. The fusion of the sperm nucleus occurred either with one of the two polar nuclei or with the secondary nucleus and was completed within 2 hr after in vitro cell fusion. The in vitro study of early events after cell and nuclear fusion indicates that the resulting primary endosperm cell develops into a characteristic tissue capable of self-organization apart from the mother tissue. The technology presented here opens the way for new cellular and molecular studies, especially of early events after sperm and central cell fusion. These studies should lead to a better understanding of the processes of double fertilization and endosperm development.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Endosperm Development after Fusion of Isolated, Single Maize Sperm and Central Cells in Vitro

et al. 1998

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“…Moreover, endosperm, in both the species, presented mitochondriae with developed cristae, well-developed dictyosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum, organelles that were commonly found in synthesizing tissues and substance conveyors (Bhatnagar and Sawhney, 1981). The beginning of the embryogenesis of these two species coincided with the beginning of the endosperm action towards the transport of substances and the development of an aggressive chalazal haustorium that went into nucellar cells up to the inner tegument cells (Teixeira et al, 2004), as well as labyrinth wall cells in C. ferrea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Carbohydrates are stored either as starch grains or hemicellulosic wall thickening, which are common in the endosperm and cotyledons. Proteins occur as proteic bodies in the embryo and endosperm and build a matrix differentiated by the presence of certain minerals (Bhatnagar and Sawhney, 1981;Boesewinkel and Bouman, 1984). Other tissues, such as seed coat, can stack storage substances in the mature seed as well as during the first embryogenic phases (Boesewinkel and Bouman, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Storage sites in seeds of Caesalpinia echinata and C. ferrea (Leguminosae) with considerations on nutrients flow

Teixeira

Machado

2008

Braz. arch. biol. technol.

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“…There is a great variety in size, structure, and development of the endosperm (Bhatnagar and Sawhney, 1981), but in general, two types of endosperm can be distinguished. The 'persistent' endosperm is maintained into the mature seed and functions as a nutrient store for the seedling during and shortly after germination.…”

Section: Division Of Labour: Double Fertilisation In Angiosperms Prodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic imprinting in plants and mammals: how life history constrains convergence

Scott

Spielman²

2006

Cytogenet Genome Res

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In both flowering plants and mammals, DNA methylation is involved in silencing alleles of imprinted genes, but surprising differences in imprinting control are emerging between the two taxa which may be traced to differences in their life cycles. Imprinted gene expression in plants occurs in the endosperm, a separate fertilisation product which transmits nutrients to the embryo and does not contribute a genome to the next generation. Regulation of expression of the known imprinted genes in Arabidopsis involves a cascade of gene expression beginning in the gametophyte, a haploid life phase interposed between the meiotic products and the gametes, which evolved from free-living organisms that constitute the dominant life phase of lower plants. Although the gametophytes of flowering plants are highly reduced they still express large numbers of genes, perhaps reflecting their evolutionary legacy, and which may now be recruited for control of imprinting. Strikingly, the genes at the top of the expression cascade appear to be specifically activated by demethylation, rather than targeted for silencing. Unlike in mammals, there is no evidence for global resetting of methylation in plants, and although imprinting involves the activity of a maintenance methyltransferase, de novo methyltransferases do not appear to be required. Plants do not set aside a germline; instead the cells that undergo meiosis to produce gametophytes differentiate in the adult plant during flower development. Both the late differentiation of the lineage producing germ cells, and the extent of gene expression during the haploid phase, may be incompatible with global resetting of methylation. Resetting may be unnecessary in any case because the adult plant expresses imprinted loci either biallelically or not at all, suggesting there is no chromosomal memory of parent-of-origin in the lineage that produces the gametophytes. Thus several features of the plant life cycle may account for the different strategies used by plants and animals to regulate parent-specific gene expression.

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Endosperm—Its Morphology, infrastructure, and Histochemistry

Cited by 33 publications

References 117 publications

Endosperm Development after Fusion of Isolated, Single Maize Sperm and Central Cells in Vitro

Endosperm Development after Fusion of Isolated, Single Maize Sperm and Central Cells in Vitro

Storage sites in seeds of Caesalpinia echinata and C. ferrea (Leguminosae) with considerations on nutrients flow

Genomic imprinting in plants and mammals: how life history constrains convergence

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