Endoscopic Management of Airway Venous Malformations with Nd:YAG Laser

Abstract

Endoscopic management of VMs using an Nd:YAG laser appears to be both effective and relatively safe. Multiple treatments are often required, but increased time can elapse between consecutive therapies. Use of the Nd:YAG laser for laryngeal VMs helps avoid tracheotomy and open surgical resection.

Sodium tetradecyl sulphate sclerotherapy for treating venous malformations of the oral and pharyngeal regions in children

“…Familial and syndromic associations have been described, but the majority of cases are sporadic with an overall incidence of approximately 1/ 10 000 [1][2][3]. Superficial VMs classically present at birth or in early childhood as soft, compressible blue or purple masses that increase in size with dependency or the Valsalva manoeuvre [4,5]. Deeper lesions are often more complex and may present with functional effects and/or obstructive symptoms.…”

Venous malformations: clinical diagnosis and treatment

“…Neodymium yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser therapy has been increasingly used when venous lesions are small, located in difficult anatomical situations, and have not responded to other treatments with good control of VMs (5,65). It is usually administered via a flexible optic cable and causes the photocoagulation of blood vessel tissue (66).…”

“…Its effects are highly localized which can cause adverse effects, especially if important structures, such as nerves are too close to the area of action. Nonetheless, with appropriate precautions, it is a fast, safe, and easily administered modality (65).…”

Multiple Cavernous Hemangiomas of the Lung

“…Endoscopic treatment is suitable for airway PCH. Glade and colleagues [5] reported endoscopic management of venous malformations using a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser, which appeared to be both effective and relatively safe. Embolization may be a good method for some vascular malformations, just as with pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, although PCHs are a variant of slow-flow pulmonary venous malformations and it is difficult to locate the target vessels.…”