Endoscopic evaluation of the gastroduodenal mucosa following non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration in the dog

Abstract

The gastroduodenal mucosa of 30 healthy dogs was examined by endoscope after 7 days of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration. The dogs were divided into five groups. One group received ketoprofen (1 mg/kg every 24 h), one group copper-indomethacin (0.2 mg/kg every 12 h), one group 1 mg of prednisolone and 200 mg of cinchophen (1 tablet per 20 kg every 12 h), one group aspirin (15 mg/kg every 12 h) and one group gelatin (1 capsule every 12 h). Occult blood was not detected in the faeces either prior to or after non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration. Packed cell volume, total plasma protein and buccal mucosal bleeding times did not significantly change after non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug administration. Gastroduodenal lesions were observed in 22 dogs. There was no significant difference in lesions between the ketoprofen, copper-indomethacin and prednisolone-cinchophen groups, but the gelatin group had significantly (p </=0.05) fewer severe lesions and the aspirin group had significantly (p </=0.05) more severe gastric lesions. The gastroduodenal lesions were mild and none of the dogs showed any clinically adverse effect.

Effects of Long-Term Oral Administration of Ketoprofen in Clinically Healthy Beagle Dogs

“…In the present study, the pyrolic antrum was the most severely affected site in both groups, especially in the ketoprofen group, and the dogs receiving ketoprofen exhibited more severe lesions than control dogs, although the difference was not statistically significant. These results are similar to the findings of other studies in which gastric mucosa were evaluated after ketoprofen was administered to healthy dogs for 28 days [9,10]. However, arthritic patients have been reported to be at greater risk of developing NSAID-associated gastropathy than other NSAID users [24], and thus the side effects of long-term administration of ketoprofen in arthritic dogs will have to be investigated in the future.…”

“…Some NSAIDs may also idiosyncratically induce hepatocellular toxicosis [2,21,23]. Gastroenteropathy is the most common side effect caused by the chronic administration of NSAIDs [9,10]. In the present study, the pyrolic antrum was the most severely affected site in both groups, especially in the ketoprofen group, and the dogs receiving ketoprofen exhibited more severe lesions than control dogs, although the difference was not statistically significant.…”

“…The gastrointestinal tract was examined using a videoendoscope (Olympus ves, Olympus Avs Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), and the images of the mucosa were photographed. The number and size of the mucosal lesions were recorded and graded according to the scale reported by Forysh et al [9,10]. Briefly, the mucosal lesions are graded from 0 to 6.…”

“…Ketoprofen also provides analgesic effects at the central level. Forsyth et al [10] reported that ketoprofen was less damaging to the gastroduodenal mucosa than aspirin, when those drugs were given over seven days in dogs. However, their report estimated only adverse gastrointestinal effects.…”

The Interaction between Orally Administered Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Prednisolone in Healthy Dogs

“…Photographs of the mucosa were taken at the following 8 sites: esophagus, cardia/fundus, stomach body, body-antrum junction, angular ventriculi, pyloric antrum, pylorus, and duodenum. The number and size of mucosal lesions were recorded and graded 0-6 according to the scale reported by Forsyth et al [9,10]: grade 0, no punctate erosions and/or hemorrhages lesions; grade 1, 1 -5 punctate erosions and/or hemorrhages; grade 2, 6 -15 punctate erosions and/or hemorrhages lesions; grade 3, 16-25 punctate erosions and/or hemorrhages lesions; grade 4, more than 25 punctate erosions and/ or hemorrhages and 1 to 5 invasive erosions ; grade 5, more than 5 invasive erosions; and grade 6, ulcers. Based on these criteria, invasive erosions were defined as extensive hemorrhages or erosions with evidence of invasion as indicated by having a detectable depth/breadth significantly greater than a pinhead-sized discontinuation of the mucosal epithelium.…”