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Plants are the source of a large spectrum of phytochemicals, and the combined and concerted action of biologically active compounds lead to the potential beneficial properties of each plant matrix. A great attention is being addressed over the years toward herbs and medicinal plants. Dragon’s Blood is a reddish resin oil extracted from Croton lechleri tree. It has been extensively used by indigenous cultures of the Amazon River since ancient times due to the beneficial nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties. This perspective aims at providing a current framework on Dragon’s Blood with focus on antioxidant properties for nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals in a novelty integrated and multidisciplinary manner, highlighting the current knowledge, the main research lines, and emerging strategies. A literature quantitative research analysis approach was applied as starting point. The literature search was carried out by means of the Scopus database; 365 documents have been retrieved in the year range from 1854 to 2021, and a total of 269 terms were identified. Among the top-recurring keywords appear: unclassified drug, nonhuman, plant extract/s, Dragon’s Blood, dracaena, Dragon Blood, chemistry, human, animal/s, plant resin. Source, chemical composition, potential nutraceutical, and therapeutical applications of Dragon’s Blood are discussed here. The anti-inflammatory, wound healing, antidiarrheals, anticancer, antirheumatic, antiseptic, and antioxidant activities identified in the Dragon’s Blood extracts can open novel perspectives for its use in food and pharmaceutical industries. While different bioactive compounds have already been identified in Dragon’s Blood extract, only a few studies can be found in literature.
Plants are the source of a large spectrum of phytochemicals, and the combined and concerted action of biologically active compounds lead to the potential beneficial properties of each plant matrix. A great attention is being addressed over the years toward herbs and medicinal plants. Dragon’s Blood is a reddish resin oil extracted from Croton lechleri tree. It has been extensively used by indigenous cultures of the Amazon River since ancient times due to the beneficial nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties. This perspective aims at providing a current framework on Dragon’s Blood with focus on antioxidant properties for nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals in a novelty integrated and multidisciplinary manner, highlighting the current knowledge, the main research lines, and emerging strategies. A literature quantitative research analysis approach was applied as starting point. The literature search was carried out by means of the Scopus database; 365 documents have been retrieved in the year range from 1854 to 2021, and a total of 269 terms were identified. Among the top-recurring keywords appear: unclassified drug, nonhuman, plant extract/s, Dragon’s Blood, dracaena, Dragon Blood, chemistry, human, animal/s, plant resin. Source, chemical composition, potential nutraceutical, and therapeutical applications of Dragon’s Blood are discussed here. The anti-inflammatory, wound healing, antidiarrheals, anticancer, antirheumatic, antiseptic, and antioxidant activities identified in the Dragon’s Blood extracts can open novel perspectives for its use in food and pharmaceutical industries. While different bioactive compounds have already been identified in Dragon’s Blood extract, only a few studies can be found in literature.
Calotropis procera (Ushar) leaves are frequently used in traditional medicine to treat several diseases. However, the plant contains toxic compounds rendering it unsafe material. Hence, the objective of this study was to treat C. procera dried leaves powder by bioprospecting for fungal endophytes to be a safe applications. Three selected fungal isolates including Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Cochliobolus lunata and Cochliobolus sp.were used for the reduction of C. procera dried leaves powder toxicity. Sporulation of each of these fungi was increased in the presence of 2 g more than 1 g of dried leaves powder in PDB media at 25°C within 4 weeks of incubation. Also, C. sphaerospermum, Cochliobolus sp., and C. lunata were tested for their ability to reduce the toxicity of C. procera dried leaves powder by using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Only C. sphaerospermum showed the ability to reduce the Calactin toxin presented in powdered leaves Furthermore, the toxicity test of dried leaves powder treated by C. sphaerospermum showed significant (100%) survival of the adult earthworm Lumbricusrubellus compared to the negative control, which induced 100% mortality of worms. These results were also comparable with C. sphaerospermum powdered mycelium, which showed no signs of toxicity. It can be concluded that fungal endophytes such as C. sphaerospermum are promising candidates for eliminating leaves toxicity.
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