Endoparasitic nematode-trapping fungi of Mason State Forest

Monoson, Herbert L.; Williams, Shirley

doi:10.1007/bf02050862

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…There have been numerous surveys on the occurrence of nematophagous fungi, which have shown that the group is found throughout the world and in all types of climate. The most notable surveys have been conducted in North America: in the U.S.A. in Maryland (Drechsler, I 937, I 95ob), Oregon (Tolmsoff, 1959), Florida and North Carolina (Feder, 1962), California (Mankau & Clark, 1959) and Illinois (Monoson & Williams, 1973; Monoson, Conway & Nelson, 1975); and in Canada in Quebec (Estey & Olthof, 1965) and Ontario (Barron, 1978). Throughout Europe: in England (Duddington, 1940(Duddington, , 1946(Duddington, ,1950(Duddington, ,1g51 a, b, 1954Juniper, 1957); Scotland (Mackenzie, 1960); Ireland (Gray, 1983a; Italy (Verona & Lepidi, 1970); Poland (Jarowaja, 1963); Germany (Fritsch & Lysek, 1983); France (Comandon & DeFonbrune, 1938; Virat, 1977;Peloille, , 1981Peloille & Cayrol, 1979); U.S.S.R. (Soprunov & Galiulina, 195 I ;Soprunov, 1958;Kondakova, 1960;Mekhtieva, 1972); Denmark (Shepherd, 1956) and Finland (Ruokala & Salonen, 1967; Salonen & Ruokola, 1968 (Kuthubutheen, Muid & Webster, 1985); Japan (Miura, 1973;Mitsui, 1983 ; 1985 ; Kobayashi & Mitsui, I 975).…”

Section: Ecology Of Nematophacous Fungi ( I ) Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nematophagous Fungi With Particular Reference to Their Ecology

Gray

1987

Biological Reviews

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247produce free-swimming flagellate spores (zoospores) which are chemically attracted by the body excretions of nematodes. T h e zoospores swim towards the nematodes and encyst on to their surface, then penetrate and kill the nematode as a normal endoparasite. Because such species actively pursue, catch and kill nematodes, Barron ( 1 9 7 7~) has suggested that they could be classed as predators, but in terms of morphology and life-cycle they are included with the endoparasites. The genus Nematoctonus forms a bridge between the two groups, with some species predatory and others endoparasitic in habit. The predatory species capture nematodes by means of adhesive knobs growing directly from the hyphae, whereas in the case of the endoparasitic species of the genus, nematodes are captured by adhesive knobs that form on the conidia only, never on the hyphae.( I ) EndoparasitesEcology of nematophagous fungi 249 ( c ) Ingested conidia Some species of endoparasites have developed morphologically adapted conidia which, when eaten by the host, become lodged in either its buccal cavity or oesophagus. These species belong almost exclusively to the genus Harposporium, and the degree of adaptation is quite unusual. The conidia are crescent-shaped (Harposporium anguillulae), helicoid ( H . helicoides), or with irregular processes emerging from odd- shaped conidia ( H . diceraeum). After ingestion, the position within the gut in which conidia finally become lodged depends on the shape of the conidium, which is species-specific. For example, conidia can become lodged in the muscle tissue of the oesophagus ( H . anguillulae), travel to the lower gut ( H . arcuatum, H . helicoides, H . oxycoracum) or become anchored in the buccal cavity ( H . bysmatosporum, H . diceraeum). The conidia appear unaffected by being ingested by a nematode, and are resistant to the digestive enzymes produced by the animal. The crescent-shaped conidia of the most widely distributed and frequently isolated species H . anguillulae has one sharply pointed end. 10-2

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Section: Ecology Of Nematophacous Fungi ( I ) Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nematophagous Fungi With Particular Reference to Their Ecology

Gray

1987

Biological Reviews

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“…The farm soils studied by Diirschner [3] showed a high number of Cephalosporium balanoides and, to a lesser extent, Meria coniospora. The genus Harposporiurn must be regarded separately, since its species are isolated regularly [3][4][5][6]: Harposporium anguillulae and Harposporium oxycoracum seem to exclude one another in beech-wood podzol and lowland soils, as is shown by the differences between the results of Fritsch and Lysek [6] and the results of this study; Monoson found the species Harposporium helicoides, Harposporium crassum and Harposporium lilliputanum in different wood soils in Illinois, U.S.A. [4,5]. Due to the widespread occur-rence of this genus, its species may prove useful in the search for correlations between endoparasitic nematode-destroying fungi and soil factors.…”

Section: Dependence On Soil Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cooke [2] has stated that there may be marked differences between the predacious activity exhibited in cultures and that in the natural habitat. Estimations of the number of species or infections in the soil have been made by Diirschner [3] and by Monoson and colleagues [4,5]. To obtain further information about the quantity and activity under natural conditions, the number and density of nematode-destroying endoparasitic fungi were estimated at different sites in West Berlin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoparasitic nematode-destroying fungi in sandy soils of a beech wood in Berlin, Germany

Ayen

1986

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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In the podzol of a moraine covered by beech forest in the South West of West Berlin, nematodes were recovered and investigated for their fungal endoparasites. Thirty‐four isolates representing 6 fungal species were obtained; about 0.5% of the recovered nematodes were infected. The number of infections showed dependence on the season, which is interpreted as being correlated with the water content of the soil. No other soil component exhibited any correlation with the endoparasitic nematode‐destroying fungi.

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Four endoparasitic nematode destroying fungi isolated from Sand Ridge State Forest soil

1975

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A survey to determine the endoparasitic nematode destroying fungi located within Sand Ridge State Forest of Illinois was conducted from 1 January to 3 April 1973. A total of seven nematode destroying fungal species were isolated from the collected soil samples. Harposporium helicoides, H. crassum, H. lilliputanum are endoparasitic nematophagous fungi that have been isolated previously from the forest soil. Acrostalagmus gonoides, A. obovatus, Cephalosporium balanoides, and Monacrosporium cionopagum are nematophagous fungal species that had not been isolated previously from Illinois soil. Soil pH's and soil nutrient levels were not important in the isolation frequency of the collected endoparasitic nematode destroying fungi.

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Endoparasitic nematode-trapping fungi of Mason State Forest

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Nematophagous Fungi With Particular Reference to Their Ecology

Nematophagous Fungi With Particular Reference to Their Ecology

Endoparasitic nematode-destroying fungi in sandy soils of a beech wood in Berlin, Germany

Four endoparasitic nematode destroying fungi isolated from Sand Ridge State Forest soil

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