Endometriosis of the urinary tract

Renal endometriosis mimicking complicated cysts of kidney: report of two cases

“…The presence of genitourinary symptomatology depends on the extent, depth and location of the ectopic endometrium: this cyclically thickens and sheds in response to the changing levels of ovarian sex hormones, resulting in the growth of fibrous tissue and formation of the endometrioma in the kidney. Repeated periodic bleeding may lead to haemorrhagic cysts, that gradually increase in the renal tissue or invade the renal capsule, causing abdominal pain (6). Gross haematuria is clinically manifest when the lesions break into the renal calyces, while blood clots and deciduous endometrium may cause ureteral obstructions, which may evoke renal colic pain (13).…”

“…The recurrence of symptoms, usually correlated with patients' menstrual cycles, may lead to the adoption of medical approaches, including hormonal therapies such as GnRH agonists and oral contraceptives, while surgical therapeutic strategies, in particular laparoscopic management, should be considered for large renal endometriomas or persistent obstructive uropathy (6,27,28). These surgical procedures should to be performed by a surgical team experienced in general, gynaecological, adrenal and urological laparoscopic surgery also in urgency setting because we well know the possible intraoperative complications of this kind of surgery as bowel, bladder, ureteric and vascular injuries (29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35).…”

“…The ectopic endometrial tissue focuses commonly in the pelvic organs, it seldom occurs outside of the reproductive organs, when it is termed extragenital endometriosis (3-5). Urinary tract endometriosis is uncommon, accounting for only 1.2% of all cases, with the bladder being the most frequently affected organ (6). Endometrial lesions involving the bladder are found in about 85% of cases of urinary endometriosis and are located within the ureter in about 15%; whereas endometriomas involving the kidneys and urethra are extremely rare, accounting for less than 1% of urinary tract endometriosis (7).…”

Obstructive uropathy associated with primary ureteral endometrioma: case report and review of the literature

“…[4][5][6][7] Other documented sites of endometriosis involvement include the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, pelvic lymph nodes, umbilicus, extremities, vulva, and laparotomy or episiotomy scars. [8][9][10][11] Ureteral involvement is rare, but when present can cause significant morbidity, and necessitates prompt diagnosis and treatment in order to preserve renal function. It unusually presents with nonspecific symptomatology, and can present as a significant diagnostic dilemma.…”

When recurrent genital sores are not genital herpes

“…It is usually confined to pelvic organs like the ovaries, fallopian tubes, rectovaginal septum, uterovesical peritoneum, and pelvic peritoneum, but remote sites like the vagina, cervix, and ureters may also be aVected. [1][2][3][4][5][6] In about 50% of cases there is a history of previous pelvic surgery. 2 Iatrogenic transplantation endometriosis has been reported in abdominal incisions, vaginal lacerations and episiotomy scars following surgical procedures in which the uterine cavity was opened.…”