Renal endometriosis mimicking complicated cysts of kidney: report of two cases

Renal Endometriosis Mimicking Cystic Renal Tumor: Case Report and Literature Review

“…Urinary tract involvement is uncommon and primarily manifests in the bladder, followed by the ureters and kidneys, at a ratio of 40:5:1 (41). Marshall first reported renal endometriosis in 1943 (20), and only 16 pathologically confirmed cases have been reported in the past 30 years (Table 2) (42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56). The median age was 37 years (range, 23-53 years).…”

“…The mechanism of extragenital endometriosis remains controversial. The main theories can be categorized as migratory, embryonic, and immunologic, these theories have been discussed in previous literature ( 43 , 44 , 46 , 48 , 50 – 54 , 56 , 57 ). Migratory theories propose that retrograde menstruation, lymphovascular metastasis, and direct extension allow the endothelial cells to transplant into ectopic sites ( 46 , 48 , 50 – 54 , 56 , 57 ).…”

“…The main theories can be categorized as migratory, embryonic, and immunologic, these theories have been discussed in previous literature ( 43 , 44 , 46 , 48 , 50 – 54 , 56 , 57 ). Migratory theories propose that retrograde menstruation, lymphovascular metastasis, and direct extension allow the endothelial cells to transplant into ectopic sites ( 46 , 48 , 50 – 54 , 56 , 57 ). Embryonic theories suggest that endometriosis results from metaplastic changes of Wolffian, Mullerian, and occasionally peritoneal (celomic) structures ( 43 , 44 , 46 , 48 , 50 , 51 , 53 , 54 ).…”

“…Migratory theories propose that retrograde menstruation, lymphovascular metastasis, and direct extension allow the endothelial cells to transplant into ectopic sites ( 46 , 48 , 50 – 54 , 56 , 57 ). Embryonic theories suggest that endometriosis results from metaplastic changes of Wolffian, Mullerian, and occasionally peritoneal (celomic) structures ( 43 , 44 , 46 , 48 , 50 , 51 , 53 , 54 ). Immunologic theories suggest that a suboptimal immune response may result in ectopic endometrial implantation ( 46 , 50 – 54 ).…”

“…Embryonic theories suggest that endometriosis results from metaplastic changes of Wolffian, Mullerian, and occasionally peritoneal (celomic) structures ( 43 , 44 , 46 , 48 , 50 , 51 , 53 , 54 ). Immunologic theories suggest that a suboptimal immune response may result in ectopic endometrial implantation ( 46 , 50 – 54 ). In these literatures, Bazaz-Malik et al, Dutta et al, and Cheng et al believe that the pathogenesis of their cases of renal endometriosis is rationally explained by embryonic theory ( 44 , 48 , 53 ).…”