Endometrial SUSD2+ Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Tissue Engineering: Advances in Novel Cellular Constructs for Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Abstract

Cellular therapy is an emerging field in clinical and personalised medicine. Many adult mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSC) or pluripotent derivatives are being assessed simultaneously in preclinical trials for their potential treatment applications in chronic and degenerative human diseases. Endometrial mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (eMSC) have been identified as clonogenic cells that exist in unique perivascular niches within the uterine endometrium. Compared with MSC isolated from other tissue sources, such as bone marrow and adipose tissue, eMSC can be extracted through less invasive methods of tissue sampling, and they exhibit improvements in potency, proliferative capacity, and control of culture-induced differentiation. In this review, we summarize the potential cell therapy and tissue engineering applications of eMSC in pelvic organ prolapse (POP), emphasising their ability to exert angiogenic and strong immunomodulatory responses that improve tissue integration of novel surgical constructs for POP and promote vaginal tissue healing.

CD146+ Endometrial-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Subpopulation Possesses Exosomal Secretomes with Strong Immunomodulatory miRNA Attributes

“…Interestingly, among the first markers used to identify eMSCs possessing higher clonogenic capacity in vitro was CD146, strongly indicating their perivascular origin in intact full-thickness endometrium [ 10 ]. Specifically, SUSD2, a single marker distinguishing perivascular eMSCs from the surrounding endometrial stromal cells, has been found to co-express CD146 and CD140b, MSC/pericytic markers which play an important role in the cyclical regeneration of this highly regenerative tissue [ 1 , 11 , 12 ]. Furthermore, we and others have demonstrated that MSCs acquiring a potent immunomodulatory phenotype actively reverse both inflammation and fibrosis linked with macrophage polarization from an M1 in disease to an M2 phenotype [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Knowledge mapping and visualization analysis of pelvic organ prolapse repair with mesh from 2001 to 2021

“…On the other hand, we also need to be cautious about the indications of mesh, improve surgical techniques and attach importance to evidence-based evidence ( Reid et al, 2021 ). In cluster 8, we found that tissue engineering has made excellent progress in POP treatment, especially scaffolding, seed cells, and growth factors may replace surgery to reconstruct natural tissues or use implants to treat POP( Yang et al, 2021 ; Radwan-Praglowska et al, 2020 ; Hennes et al, 2021 ). By keywords citation bursts analysis, the time-series showed that validation, lifetime risk, native tissue repair, tissue engineering and mesenchymal stem cells had appeared most recently.…”

“…In addition to the similar results of machine reference analysis, four different new results are found based on the current research progress and the results of manual analysis. First, the fine diagnosis of three cavities and three levels is the basis for effective treatment ( Petros, 2011 ; Chen et al, 2021 ); Second, imaging research may be one of the important directions to overcome mesh complications ( Gavlin et al, 2020 ; Mahoney et al, 2020 ; Ram et al, 2021 ); Third, clinical research is an effective method to find answers to clinical questions, especially the clinical prediction model based on real world data ( Barber and Maher, 2013 ; Weber LeBrun et al, 2018 ; Morcos et al, 2021 ); Finally, the new direction of tissue engineering technology and pelvic floor research is worthy of our expectation and further exploration ( Hennes et al, 2021 ; Laursen et al, 2022 ).…”

The perivascular niche of endometrial mesenchymal stromal/stem-like cells

“…The co-cultured eMSCs could potentially be used to study implantation. The potential cellular therapy and tissue engineering applications of the SUSD2 + population in women with pelvic organ prolapse have been evaluated [44][45][46][47] . A lack of endometrial SUSD2 + eMSCs is associated with recurrent pregnancy loss, indicating that stem cell deficiency contributes to consecutive miscarriages [48,49] .…”