Endometrial study in patients with postmenopausal metrorrhagia

Torrijos, María C. Serna; Merlo, Gaspar González de; Mirasol, Esteban González; García, Miriam; Parra, Carmen Ángel; Goy, Enrique Iglesias

doi:10.5114/aoms.2016.59934

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…The frequency of EPs in the general population ranges from 6% to 38%, with peak incidence between 40 and 50 years of age. 3,18 EPs may arise in response to unopposed estrogen, as well as other growth stimuli, including insulin and insulin-like and epithelial growth factors that can also cause endometrial hyperplasia. Continuous exposure to estrogen unopposed by progesterone, polycystic ovary syndrome, and tamoxifen use are well-recognized risk factors for benign endometrial hyperplasia (BEH).…”

Section: Recurrence Of Eps Is Related To Estrogen Stimulation and Endmentioning

confidence: 99%

The risk factors and preventive measures for the recurrence of endometrial polyps

Doobaly¹,

Wang²,

Min-juan³

et al. 2019

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Endometrial polyps (EPs) are a frequently encountered gynecologic disease with abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility being the two common presenting problems, and hysteroscopic polypectomy is an effective method to remove them. The postoperative polyp recurrence might result in reappearance of abnormal uterine bleeding or infertility, whereas factors influencing the postoperative recurrence potential have limited data. Endometrial polyp recurrence remains a concern with recurrence rates of 2.5% to 43.6%. As such, it is critical to identify the risk factors and the preventive measures for endometrial recurrence, especially in reproductive-age women desiring future conception, to aid in clinical counselling and decision making. The recurrence of EPs is related to estrogen stimulation and endometrial hyperplasia. The progesterone-containing drugs are currently the most commonly used method to prevent the recurrence of EPs. In this article, authors aim to discuss the high-risk factors of EPs recurrence and the preventive measures for EPs recurrence. The preventive measures will focus on the combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS).

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Section: Recurrence Of Eps Is Related To Estrogen Stimulation and Endmentioning

confidence: 99%

The risk factors and preventive measures for the recurrence of endometrial polyps

Doobaly¹,

Wang²,

Min-juan³

et al. 2019

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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“…During the reproductive period, the human non-pregnant uterus undergoes hormonal-dependent cyclic changes, and menstruation is the result of enhanced apoptosis [ 1 ]. Abnormal uterine bleeding, although non-pathognomonic, may be the first manifestation of endometrial pathology including malignancies [ 2 ]. In our previous studies we observed increased expression of apoptosis-related DNA fragmentation factor 45 (DFF45) in the endometrial glands of the secretory endometrium; unfortunately, we did not investigate myometrial expression of DFF45 and other apoptosis-related factors at that time [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoexpression of DNA fragmentation factor 40, DNA fragmentation factor 45, and B-cell lymphoma 2 protein in normal human endometrium and uterine myometrium depends on menstrual cycle phase and menopausal status

Banaś

Pityński

Okoń

et al. 2018

aoms

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IntroductionDNA fragmentation factors 40 and 45 (DFF40 and DFF45) are final executors of apoptosis, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) is a well-recognized apoptosis inhibitor. We aimed to evaluate DFF40, DFF45 and Bcl-2 immunoexpression in the normal human endometrium with respect to the glandular and stromal layer and in uterine myometrium.Material and methodsDFF40, DFF45, and Bcl-2 expression was assessed via immunohistochemistry in the endometrium and myometrium collected postmenopausally and premenopausally during the proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle.ResultsCompared to the myometrium and stroma, endometrial glands showed the highest DFF40 and DFF45 expression in pre- and postmenopausal specimens. DFF45, but not DFF40, glandular expression dependent on menstrual cycle phase and DFF40 and DFF45 scoring was significantly lower in postmenopausal specimens. Significantly higher Bcl-2 expression was observed in proliferative glandular endometrium compared to secretory and postmenopausal specimens. No cycle- or menopause-dependent changes were reported for stromal or myometrial DFF40, DFF45 or Bcl-2 expression. DFF40, DFF45 and Bcl-2 expression was independent of age, age at menarche and menopause, BMI, menstrual cycle and menses lengths, parity and gravidity.ConclusionsThe study provides important evidence regarding menstrual cycle-dependent changes in the expression of DFF40, DFF45 and Bcl-2 in the normal human endometrium, especially in the glandular layer, and shows that their levels are stable in the normal uterine myometrium.

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Endometrial Polyps and Benign Endometrial Hyperplasia Have Increased Prevalence of DNA Fragmentation Factors 40 and 45 (DFF40 and DFF45) Together With the Antiapoptotic B-Cell Lymphoma (Bcl-2) Protein Compared With Normal Human Endometria

Banaś

Pityński

Mikoś

et al. 2018

International Journal of Gynecological Pathology

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DNA fragmentation factor 40 (DFF40) is a key executor of apoptosis. It localizes to the nucleus together with DNA fragmentation factor 45 (DFF45), which acts as a DFF40 inhibitor and chaperone. B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) protein is a proven antiapoptotic factor present in the cytoplasm. In this study, we aimed to investigate DFF40, DFF45, and Bcl-2 immunoexpression in endometrial polyps (EPs) and benign endometrial hyperplasia (BEH) tissue compared with that in normal proliferative endometrium (NPE) and normal secretory endometrium (NSE) as well as normal post menopausal endometrium (NAE). This study used archived samples from 65 and 62 cases of EPs and BEH, respectively. The control group consisted of 52 NPE, 54 NSE, and 54 NAE specimens. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect DFF40, DFF45, and Bcl-2. DFF40, DFF45, and Bcl-2 were more highly expressed in the glandular layer of EPs and BEH compared with the stroma, and this was not influenced by menopausal status. Both glandular and stromal expression of DFF40, DFF45, and Bcl-2 were significantly higher in EPs compared with NPE, NSE, and NAE. Glandular BEH tissue showed significantly higher DFF40, DFF45, and Bcl-2 expression than in NPE, NSE, and NAE. No differences in the glandular expression of DFF40, DFF45, and Bcl-2 were observed between EP and BEH tissues, while Bcl-2 stromal expression in BEH was significantly lower than in EPs. Glandular, menopause-independent DFF40, DFF45, and Bcl-2 overexpression may play an important role in the pathogenesis of EPs and BEH.

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Endometrial study in patients with postmenopausal metrorrhagia

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

The risk factors and preventive measures for the recurrence of endometrial polyps

The risk factors and preventive measures for the recurrence of endometrial polyps

Immunoexpression of DNA fragmentation factor 40, DNA fragmentation factor 45, and B-cell lymphoma 2 protein in normal human endometrium and uterine myometrium depends on menstrual cycle phase and menopausal status

Endometrial Polyps and Benign Endometrial Hyperplasia Have Increased Prevalence of DNA Fragmentation Factors 40 and 45 (DFF40 and DFF45) Together With the Antiapoptotic B-Cell Lymphoma (Bcl-2) Protein Compared With Normal Human Endometria

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