Endometrial lesions caused by catheters used for embryo transfers: a preliminary report

What is a difficult transfer? Analysis of 7,714 embryo transfers: the impact of maneuvers during embryo transfers on pregnancy rate and a proposal of objective assessment

“…It is crucial that this be performed atraumatically and in a correct position to achieve proper implantation (36). Different hypothesis have been formulated to explain how a difficult ET may reduce PR, the main ones being endometrial lesion (37) and the induction of uterine contractions (38) that jeopardize correct embryo implantation.…”

Optimizing the technique of embryo transfer

“…Ultrasound monitoring during IUI demonstrated disrupted endometrium in 50% of patients when a Tomcat catheter was used compared with 12.5% with a Wallace catheter (56). Hysteroscopic studies also suggest that there is less trauma after mock transfer when soft catheters are used (57). The PRs among various soft catheters have not been shown to be significantly different (58)(59)(60)(61)(62).…”

Practice of Embryo Transfer: Recommendations During and After

“…36 Another study found that the choice of the catheter did not significantly affect the clinical PRs in IVF when it is performed under US guidance or after mock transfer. 37,38 Likewise, a prospective randomized clinical trial that included 150 women undergoing fresh ET demonstrated that the type of ET catheter did not significantly influence the clinical PR because there was no significant difference in the clinical PRs between Wallace and Cook catheters. 39 As a result, the choice of ET catheter may be decided by its cost and mostly by operator's preference.…”