Endokrine Substanzen in der aquatischen Umwelt

Decline in Reproductive Success, Sex Reversal, and Developmental Alterations in Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) after Continuous Exposure to Octylphenol

“…The consumption of alkylphenol ethoxylates amounts to 300,000 tons per year (Schrenk-Bergt and Steinberg, 1998), and approximately 60% are assumed to end up in the aquatic environment, where they are degraded to persistent estrogenic compounds (Ahel et al, 1993(Ahel et al, , 1994a. In rivers, alkylphenolic compounds can mainly be found as alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates, which are commonly released by e%uents of sewage treatment plants, pulp mills, and textile industries (Ahel et al, 1994a, b;Giger et al, 1984;Nair-Menon, 1996;Naylor et al, 1992;Rivera et al, 1987;Stephanou and Giger, 1982).…”

Embryotoxic effects of nonylphenol and octylphenol in sea urchin Arbacia lixula

“…NP and OP are highly prized for their high performance and low cost (Naylor et al 1992;Nimrod and Benson 1996) in a wide variety of industrial applications, such as pulp and paper factories (in the paperpulp compound), textile factories, sterilization substances, agricultural pesticides, water-based paints, ink, domestic and industrial cleaning materials, cosmetic products, babybottles, toys, contact lenses, spermicides in condoms, among others (Naylor et al 1992). It has been estimated that approximately 300,000 tons of APs are produced per year, 60% of which is discharged into the aquatic environment where it is converted into the biodegradation products NP and OP, which are more toxic than AP itself (Schrenk-Bergt and Steinberg 1998). These chemicals enter the environment predominantly as industrial and domestic waste and as effluent from waste treatment plants, but contamination also occurs directly via pesticide practices (Anonymous 2007).…”