Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2010

Bodnar, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2011.09.020

Cited by 73 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 702 publications

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“…Both ends of the bones were cut with scissors in the dish, and then the marrow was flushed out using 1ml RPMI 1640 with a 1ml syringe. The bone marrow cells were suspended and treated with RBC lysis (155 mM NH 4 Cl, 10 mM NaHCO 3 , 0.1 mM EDTA). combination of MENK with PTD needs to be investigated in the clinical setting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Endogenous opioid peptides, discovered by Hughes and coworkers 1 in 1975, are known to be potent regulators of growth [2][3][4] as well as neuromodulators/neurotransmitters. 5,6 Initially studied for the role of native opioid peptides as neurotransmitters, endogenous opioids have been shown to be present in neural and non-neural tissues, and evoked a number of functions other than neuromodulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergistic effect of methionine encephalin (MENK) combined with pidotimod(PTD) on the maturation of murine dendritic cells (DCs)

Meng

wang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2013

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effect of methionine encephalin (MENK) combined with pidotimod(PTD) on the maturation of murine dendritic cells (DCs)

Meng

wang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2013

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…Four horizontal groups of traits are given in an evolutional progression of regulatory systems. The 1st row relates to the ancient opioid receptor systems that emerged entangled with the immune system [38] and later developed into the regulation of the most recent monoamine neurotransmitters [38,39]. Recently, it was found that the body is capable of producing endogenous opioids and of changing the density of endogenous ligands, inducing dispositional emotional states.…”

Section: An Example Of Neurotransmitter Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, it was found that the body is capable of producing endogenous opioids and of changing the density of endogenous ligands, inducing dispositional emotional states. As the activation of these receptors leads to the release of monoamines, these opioid receptor systems likely play an even more important role in emotionality than do monoamines as they amplify a sense of security (MOPr), alertness and chronic anxiety (KOPr) or an initiation of action (DOPr) [39].…”

Section: An Example Of Neurotransmitter Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenomena of Functional Differentiation and Fractal Functionality

Трофимова

2017

WIT Transactions on State-of-the-Art in Science and Engineering

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The phenomena of vertical and horizontal emergence are analysed in terms of functional differentiation (FD), the concept of fractal functionality (FF), the concept of the zone of proximate development and an application to iterative map techniques. These theoretical components are used to trace an evolution of structures at various levels of organization and to derive several universal evolutionary principles. The implications of these principles are: (1) "building blocks" of natural systems are performed uniquely and only once, they emerge, change and disappear, and therefore cannot be considered as Lego-like "bricks" for these systems; (2) "building blocks" develop not prior to, but simultaneously with the emergence of a macro-system, to which they are associated, and may continue to change even after the macro-system is established; (3) the existence of functional groups "on the diagonal" affects the subdivisions of horizontal distributions; (4) soft associations of elements to functional systems of several levels of complexity speaks against a vertical division of complexity levels and against a horizontal division of building blocks.

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“…expressed by other neurons in the highly heterogeneous PVN (Bodnar and Klein 2004;Tortorella et al 2007;Biag et al 2012;Gadek-Michalska et al 2013) as well as several transmitters/modulators that reach the PVN via extrinsic inputs from ascending and descending arousal/sensory systems, such as the serotonin and noradrenaline monoamine systems (Myers et al 2017;Ulrich-Lai and Herman 2009;Fox and Lowry 2013;Flak et al 2014). Further characterisation of existing and newly identified regulatory inputs is of interest for biological and therapeutical reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relaxin-3/RXFP3 signalling in mouse hypothalamus: no effect of RXFP3 activation on corticosterone, despite reduced presynaptic excitatory input onto paraventricular CRH neurons in vitro

et al. 2017

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Relaxin-3/RXFP3 signalling is proposed to be involved in the neuromodulatory control of arousal- and stress-related neural circuits. Furthermore, previous studies in rats have led to the proposal that relaxin-3/RXFP3 signalling is associated with activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, but direct evidence for RXFP3-related actions on the activity of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons is lacking. In this study, we investigated characteristics of the relaxin-3/RXFP3 system in mouse hypothalamus. Administration of an RXFP3 agonist (RXFP3-A2) intra-cerebroventricularly or directly into the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) of C57BL/6J mice did not alter corticosterone levels. Similarly, there were no differences between serum corticosterone levels in Rxfp3 knockout (C57BL/6J) and wild-type mice at baseline and after stress, despite detection of the predicted stress-induced increases in serum corticosterone. We examined the nature of the relaxin-3 innervation of PVN in wild-type mice and in Crh-IRES-Cre;Ai14 mice that co-express the tdTomato fluorophore in CRH neurons, identifying abundant relaxin-3 fibres in the peri-PVN region, but only sparse fibres associated with densely packed CRH neurons. In whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings of tdTomato-positive CRH neurons in these mice, we observed a reduction in sEPSC frequency following local application of RXFP3-A2, consistent with an activation of RXFP3 on presynaptic glutamatergic afferents in the PVN region. These studies clarify the relationship between relaxin-3/RXFP3 inputs and CRH neurons in mouse PVN, with implications for the interpretation of current and previous in vivo studies and future investigations of this stress-related signalling network in normal and transgenic mice, under normal and pathological conditions.

show abstract

Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2010

Cited by 73 publications

References 702 publications

Synergistic effect of methionine encephalin (MENK) combined with pidotimod(PTD) on the maturation of murine dendritic cells (DCs)

Synergistic effect of methionine encephalin (MENK) combined with pidotimod(PTD) on the maturation of murine dendritic cells (DCs)

Phenomena of Functional Differentiation and Fractal Functionality

Relaxin-3/RXFP3 signalling in mouse hypothalamus: no effect of RXFP3 activation on corticosterone, despite reduced presynaptic excitatory input onto paraventricular CRH neurons in vitro

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