Endogenous levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide and ethylene in stems of Norway spruce trees during one growing season

Eklund, Leif

doi:10.1007/bf00225779

Cited by 85 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The stem concentrations of CO2 and the seasonal dynamics now recorded in healthy trees are in line with previous studies for Norway spruce [29] and other tree species [28]. For trees infected by Heterobasidion annosum s.l.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Carbon Dioxide and Methane Formation in Norway Spruce Stems Infected by White-Rot Fungi

Hietala

Dörsch

Kvaalen

et al. 2015

Forests

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Globally, billions of tons of carbon sequestered in trees are annually recycled back to the atmosphere through wood decomposition by microbes. In Norway, every fifth Norway spruce shows at final harvest infection by pathogenic white-rot fungi in the genera Heterobasidion and Armillaria. As these fungi can mineralize all components of wood, we predicted that they have a significant carbon footprint. Gas samples taken from infected stems were analyzed for CO2 and CH4 concentrations, and wood samples from different parts of the decay columns were incubated under hypoxic (4% O2) and anoxic laboratory conditions. In spring and summer the stem concentrations of CO2 were generally two times higher in trees with heartwood decay than in healthy trees. For most of the healthy trees and trees with heartwood decay, mean stem concentrations of CH4 were comparable to ambient air, and only some Armillaria infected trees showed moderately elevated CH4. Consistently, low CH4 production potentials were recorded in the laboratory experiment. Up-scaling of CO2 efflux due to wood decay in living trees suggests that the balance between carbon sequestration and emission may be substantially influenced in stands with high frequency of advanced root and stem heartwood decay.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Carbon Dioxide and Methane Formation in Norway Spruce Stems Infected by White-Rot Fungi

Hietala

Dörsch

Kvaalen

et al. 2015

Forests

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“…The introduction of sondes or gas sampling tubes (or absorption pipettes) into living, standing tree stems was conducted by Cappalletti (1934Cappalletti ( , 1937 and Chase (1934); half cuvettes attached to stems were also employed (Johansson 1933;Geurten 1950). According to Eklund (1990), the stem-internal CO 2 -concentration changes with the time of the year. In Picea abies, spring concentrations were less than 1 %, rose in May and peaked at 10% of internally accumulated CO 2 in June.…”

Section: F3} Light Penetration Through Lenticelsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Existence of Bark and Stem Photosynthesis in Woody Plants and Its Significance for the Overall Carbon Gain. An Eco-Physiological and Ecological Approach

Pfanz¹,

Aschan²

2001

Progress in Botany

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“…It has been shown with isotopically labeled CO 2 that roots can take up CO 2 and deliver it to aboveground parts of the plant via the transpiration stream (Ford et al, 2007;Moore et al, 2008). It is known since many years that CO 2 concentrations in the xylem sap of plants can be up to three orders of magnitude higher than in the atmosphere (Eklund, 1990;Hari et al, 1991;Levy et al, 1999;Teskey et al, 2008 and citations therein). In addition to root uptake of soil CO 2 , root respiration adds CO 2 to the xylem water, followed by stem respiration, i.e.…”

Section: Bi-directional C Transport Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon allocation and carbon isotope fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum: a review

Brüggemann¹,

et al. 2011

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Abstract. The terrestrial carbon (C) cycle has received increasing interest over the past few decades, however, there is still a lack of understanding of the fate of newly assimilated C allocated within plants and to the soil, stored within ecosystems and lost to the atmosphere. Stable carbon isotope studies can give novel insights into these issues. In this review we provide an overview of an emerging picture of plant-soil-atmosphere C fluxes, as based on C isotopeCorrespondence to: N. Brüggemann (n.brueggemann@fz-juelich.de) studies, and identify processes determining related C isotope signatures. The first part of the review focuses on isotopic fractionation processes within plants during and after photosynthesis. The second major part elaborates on plantinternal and plant-rhizosphere C allocation patterns at different time scales (diel, seasonal, interannual), including the speed of C transfer and time lags in the coupling of assimilation and respiration, as well as the magnitude and controls of plant-soil C allocation and respiratory fluxes. Plant responses to changing environmental conditions, the functional relationship between the physiological and phenological status of plants and C transfer, and interactions between Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 3458 N. Brüggemann et al.: Plant-soil-atmosphere C fluxes C, water and nutrient dynamics are discussed. The role of the C counterflow from the rhizosphere to the aboveground parts of the plants, e.g. via CO 2 dissolved in the xylem water or as xylem-transported sugars, is highlighted. The third part is centered around belowground C turnover, focusing especially on above-and belowground litter inputs, soil organic matter formation and turnover, production and loss of dissolved organic C, soil respiration and CO 2 fixation by soil microbes. Furthermore, plant controls on microbial communities and activity via exudates and litter production as well as microbial community effects on C mineralization are reviewed. A further part of the paper is dedicated to physical interactions between soil CO 2 and the soil matrix, such as CO 2 diffusion and dissolution processes within the soil profile. Finally, we highlight state-of-the-art stable isotope methodologies and their latest developments. From the presented evidence we conclude that there exists a tight coupling of physical, chemical and biological processes involved in C cycling and C isotope fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere system. Generally, research using information from C isotopes allows an integrated view of the different processes involved. However, complex interactions among the range of processes complicate or currently impede the interpretation of isotopic signals in CO 2 or organic compounds at the plant and ecosystem level. This review tries to identify present knowledge gaps in correctly interpreting carbon stable isotope signals in the plant-soil-atmosphere system and how future research approaches could contribute to closing these gaps.

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Endogenous levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide and ethylene in stems of Norway spruce trees during one growing season

Cited by 85 publications

References 15 publications

Carbon Dioxide and Methane Formation in Norway Spruce Stems Infected by White-Rot Fungi

Carbon Dioxide and Methane Formation in Norway Spruce Stems Infected by White-Rot Fungi

The Existence of Bark and Stem Photosynthesis in Woody Plants and Its Significance for the Overall Carbon Gain. An Eco-Physiological and Ecological Approach

Carbon allocation and carbon isotope fluxes in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum: a review

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