Endogenous digoxin-like immunoreactive factor (DLIF) serum concentrations are decreased in manic bipolar patients compared to normal controls

The digitalis-like steroid hormones: New mechanisms of action and biological significance

“…2. The levels of plasma DLC (measured as digoxin-like immunoreactive compounds) were found to be lower in manic bipolar patients than in normal controls (Grider et al, 1999). 3.…”

Endogenous Cardiotonic Steroids: Physiology, Pharmacology, and Novel Therapeutic Targets

“…Subsequently, Grider et al (1999) studied plasma levels of digoxin-like immunoreactive factor in manic bipolar patients. In this study, normal subjects exhibited seasonal variations in plasma digoxin-like factor; levels of this compound were significantly lower in winter than those in spring, summer, and autumn.…”

Advances in understanding the role of cardiac glycosides in control of sodium transport in renal tubules

“…The identification and characterization of the circulating Na C /K C ATPase antagonist remained elusive for a long time. After painstaking research spanning three decades, two groups independently identified the circulating factor(s) as substances similar to plant-derived ouabain and digoxin that are synthesized in the mammalian adrenal glands (Hamlyn et al 1982, 1991, Craver & Valdes 1983, Graves et al 1983, Valdes 1985a,b,c, Valdes et al 1985, Skogen et al 1987, Lackner et al 1988, Siegfried & Valdes 1988, Shaikh et al 1991, Qazzaz & Valdes 1996, Qazzaz et al 1996a,b, 2000, Ferrandi et al 1997, Jortani & Valdes 1997, Perrin et al 1997, Grider et al 1999, Manunta et al 2001a,b, Pierdomenico et al 2001, el-Masri et al 2002, El-Mallakh et al 2007). Bagrov and colleagues identified the presence of endogenous bufadienolides, marinobufagenin, and telocinobufagin, in plasma of rats with renal failure, diabetes, and preeclampsia, and in plasma from patients with congestive heart failure and renal failure (Bagrov et al 1996, 2005, 2005a,b, 2010a,b, 2012, Gonick et al 1998, Lopatin et al 1999 Effects of low nanomolar to picomolar concentrations of ouabain on Na…”