Endocrinology of milk production

Svennersten-Sjaunja, K.; Olsson, Kerstin

doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.03.006

Cited by 141 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Alternatively, or additionally, the elevation in T b might be associated indirectly with the hormonal secretions that induce and maintain milk production such as prolactin (Svennersten-Sjaunja and Olsson, 2005) and other hormonal changes that are linked to lactation such as the reduced levels of circulating leptin (Cui et al, 2011;Król et al, 2011). In fact, prolactin appears to be strongly positively correlated with T b during exertional heat stress (Pitsiladis et al, 2002;Wright et al, 2012), although in this case it appears the causal relationship is that elevated temperature stimulates prolactin release (Low et al, 2005) and not the reverse.…”

Section: Physical Activity and Body Temperature In Lactating Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Limits to sustained energy intake XX: body temperatures and physical activity of female mice during lactation

Gamo

Troup

Mitchell

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYLactating animals consume greater amounts of food than non-reproductive animals, but energy intake appears to be limited in late lactation. The heat dissipation limit theory suggests that the food intake of lactating mice is limited by the capacity of the mother to dissipate heat. Lactating mice should therefore have high body temperatures (T b ), and changes in energy intake during lactation should be reflected by variation in T b . To investigate these predictions, 26 mice (Mus musculus) were monitored daily throughout lactation for food intake, body mass, litter size and litter mass. After weaning, 21days postpartum, maternal food intake and body mass were monitored for another 10days. Maternal activity and T b were recorded every minute for 23h a day using implanted transmitters (vital view). Energy intake increased to a plateau in late lactation (days 13-17). Daily gain in pup mass declined during this same period, suggesting a limit on maternal energy intake. Litter size and litter mass were positively related to maternal energy intake and body mass. Activity levels were constantly low, and mice with the largest increase in energy intake at peak lactation had the lowest activity. T b rose sharply after parturition and the circadian rhythm became compressed within a small range. T b during the light period increased considerably (1.1°C higher than in baseline), and lactating mice faced chronic hyperthermia, despite their activity levels in lactation being approximately halved. Average T b increased in relation to energy intake as lactation progressed, but there was no relationship between litter size or litter mass and the mean T b at peak lactation. These data are consistent with the heat dissipation limit theory, which suggests performance in late lactation is constrained by the ability to dissipate body heat. Supplementary material available online at

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Section: Physical Activity and Body Temperature In Lactating Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Limits to sustained energy intake XX: body temperatures and physical activity of female mice during lactation

Gamo

Troup

Mitchell

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Steroids that are essential for the reproductive process may be more fully metabolized under conditions of high milk production and high dry matter intake (Wiltbank et al 2006). Blood flow to the mammary gland increases postpartum so that nutrients such as glucose and NEFA that are used for milk synthesis are efficiently extracted from the circulation (Svennersten-Sjaunja & Olsson 2005). In some case these same nutrients that are depleted in blood during lactation are also required for normal function of reproductive tissues within the nonpregnant animal (Sutton-McDowall et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy development from day 28 to 42 of gestation in postpartum Holstein cows that were either milked (lactating) or not milked (not lactating) after calving

Green¹,

Meyer²,

Williams³

et al. 2012

Reproduction

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The objective was to determine if lactation affects fetal and placental development from day 28 to 42 of gestation. Bos taurus Holstein cows were assigned to one of the two treatments immediately after parturition (lactating (nZ23) or nonlactating (dried off immediately after calving; nZ20)). Cows were inseminated at w60 days postpartum with semen from a single ejaculate. Pregnant cows were slaughtered at 1 of 3 days of gestation (day 28, 35, or 42) and tissues were collected. The interval to first insemination, services per conception, and days to pregnancy were similar for lactating and nonlactating cows. Lactating cows had greater plasma GH and nonesterified fatty acids. Nonlactating cows had greater plasma glucose, insulin, and IGF1. There was no effect of lactation on plasma progesterone or estradiol concentrations. Lactation had a negative effect on the weight of the fetus and placenta (weights were less in lactating cows). Fetuses collected from cows that became pregnant after first insemination were heavier than fetuses collected from cows that became pregnant after second or third insemination. Pregnancy after first insemination was associated with greater blood glucose and IGF1 during the first 30 days postpartum. The conclusions were that lactation negatively affects the growth of fetal and placental tissues perhaps through a mechanism that involves hormones and metabolites that are affected by lactation. Fetal growth within cows conceiving at first insemination compared to second or third insemination was more rapid and was associated with greater blood glucose and IGF1 early postpartum (before day 30).

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“…23 The effect of growth hormone on lactation is discussed to be only partly direct and instead mediated by IGF-1. 24,25 Receptors for IGF-1 can be found in all mammary cells and release of IGF-1 is stimulated by binding of growth hormone to hepatocytes in the liver, 12 which is the main source of circulating IGF-1. 26 The concentration of IGF-1 can be seen as an indicator of the metabolic state of the dairy cow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in serum metabolic hormone levels after glucose infusion during lactation cycles in Holstein cows

et al. 2015

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Negative energy balance can impair the metabolism of high producing dairy cows and supplying the glucose, as an energy source; can prevent the metabolic disorders in these animals. Hence, we hypothesized that bolus intravenous glucose administration may change the concentrations of metabolic hormones in order to prevent and control of metabolic dysfunctions of dairy cows. Twenty five multiparous Holstein dairy cows were divided to 5 equal groups containing early, mid and late lactations, far-off and close-up dry periods. All cows were received dextrose 50% intravenously at 500 mg/kg, 10 mL/kg/h. Blood samples were collected from all animals prior to and 1, 2, 3 and 4 after dextrose 50% infusion and sera were separated to determine glucose, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), serum free T3 (fT3), free T4 (fT4), cortisol and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). The decreasing pattern of T3 concentration was detected in all studied animals following intravenous glucose infusion (P<0.05). The significant increasing pattern of T4 levels was seen in early and mid lactation cows after glucose administration (P<0.05). The significant decreasing pattern of IGF-1 was detected in mid and late lactations and far-off dry groups (P<0.05). There were no significant alterations in fT3, fT4 and cortisol concentrations following glucose infusion in all experimental groups. In conclusion, bolus intravenous glucose infusion could influence the metabolic hormones in high producing Holstein dairy cows. Alterations of metabolic hormones following bolus intravenous glucose administration indicated that glucose is an important direct controller of metabolic interactions and responses in dairy cows during different physiological states.

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Endocrinology of milk production

Cited by 141 publications

References 82 publications

Limits to sustained energy intake XX: body temperatures and physical activity of female mice during lactation

Limits to sustained energy intake XX: body temperatures and physical activity of female mice during lactation

Pregnancy development from day 28 to 42 of gestation in postpartum Holstein cows that were either milked (lactating) or not milked (not lactating) after calving

Changes in serum metabolic hormone levels after glucose infusion during lactation cycles in Holstein cows

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