Endocrine pregnancy monitoring in the two-toed sloth (Choloepus didactylus): “Pregnant or not pregnant”

Troll, S; Gottschalk, J.; Heuer, Josef G.; Einspanier, A.; Thielebein, Jens

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.02.022

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Periodontal examination before childbirth showed mean PI was 21.61% -2.149%, mean BOP was 21.03% -15.60%, mean PD was 2.62 -0.61 mm, and mean CAL 1.20 -0.29 mm. Descriptive analysis showed 81.12% for 1-to 3-mm pockets, 16.06% for 4-to 5-mm pockets, and 2.62% for >6-mm pockets. A significant statistical improvement (P <0.001) was observed in all parameters postpartum, except for PI.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Soon after childbirth, production of estrogen and progesterone decreases and reaches values comparable to those present in non‐pregnant women 16 , 17 . Literature is scarce on behavior of CRP and periodontal changes that women sustain postpartum.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13][14][15] Soon after childbirth, production of estrogen and progesterone decreases and reaches values comparable to those present in non-pregnant women. 16,17 Literature is scarce on behavior of CRP and periodontal changes that women sustain postpartum. For this reason, the aim of the present study is to assess variations which take place postpartum with reference to hormonal levels, periodontal parameters, and plasma inflammatory mediators in the absence of periodontal treatment.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Changes in Periodontal Parameters and C‐Reactive Protein After Pregnancy

Raga

Mínguez

Caffesse

et al. 2016

Journal of Periodontology

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Changes in Periodontal Parameters and C‐Reactive Protein After Pregnancy

Raga

Mínguez

Caffesse

et al. 2016

Journal of Periodontology

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“…Estrogen levels might also be linked to a particular bone remodeling pattern, but the available data did not report sloth estrogen levels to be different from those of other mammals. (M€ uhlbauer et al 2006;Troll et al 2015;M. M€ uhlbauer and D. Gilmore, pers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone cortical compactness in ‘tree sloths’ reflects convergent evolution

2018

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Bone remodeling, one of the main processes that regulate bone microstructure, consists of bone resorption followed by the deposition of secondary bone at the same location. Remodeling intensity varies among taxa, but a characteristically compact cortex is ubiquitous in the long bones of mature terrestrial mammals. A previous analysis found that cortical bone in a few 'tree sloth' (Bradypus and Choloepus) specimens is heavily remodeled and characterized by numerous immature secondary osteons, suggesting that these animals were remodeling their bones at high rate until late in their ontogeny. This study aims at testing if this remodeling is generally present in 'tree sloths', using a quantitative analysis of the humeral cortical compactness (CC) among xenarthrans. The results of the investigation of humeral diaphyseal cross-sections of 26 specimens belonging to 10 xenarthran species including specimens from both extinct and extant species indicate that in 'tree sloths' the CC is significantly lower than in the other sampled xenarthrans. No significant difference was found between the CC of the two genera of 'tree sloths'. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the cortical bone of 'tree sloths' in general undergoes intense and balanced remodeling that is maintained until late (possibly throughout) in their ontogeny. In the light of xenarthran phylogeny, low CC represents another convergence between the long-separated 'tree sloth' lineages. Although the exact structural and/or functional demands that are associated with this trait are hitherto unknown, several hypotheses are suggested here, including a relationship to their relatively low metabolism and to the mechanical demands imposed upon the bones by the suspensory posture and locomotion, which was independently acquired by the two genera of 'tree sloths'.

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