Endocannabinoid System and the Otolaryngologist

Tapasak, Brandon; Edelmayer, Luke; Seidman, Michael D.

doi:10.1016/j.otc.2022.06.012

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The ECS is composed of endogenous ligands, synthesizing and degrading enzymes, and features many cannabinoids receptors, which include the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB 1 ) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB 2 ) [22], orphan GPCRs including GPR12, GPR18, GPR35, GPR55, GPR119 [23], ligand-gated ion channels (i.e., transient receptor potential TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPA1, TRPM8) [24], and nuclear receptors (i.e., peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, PPARγ) [25][26][27]. Cannabinoids were suggested as possibly beneficial for pathologies of the ears, nose, and throat via their modulation of the endocannabinoid system [28]. The role of the ECS in cancer generation and progression has not been entirely determined, with conflicting reports published [29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Cannabis Plant Extracts on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and the Quest for Cannabis-Based Personalized Therapy

Blal

Besser

Procaccia

et al. 2023

Cancers

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Cannabis sativa plants have a wide diversity in their metabolite composition among their different chemovars, facilitating diverse anti-tumoral effects on cancer cells. This research examined the anti-tumoral effects of 24 cannabis extracts representative of three primary types of chemovars on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The chemical composition of the extracts was determined using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Mass Spectrometry (MS). The most potent anti-tumoral extracts were type III decarboxylated extracts, with high levels of Cannabidiol (CBD). We identified extract 296 (CAN296) as the most potent in inducing HNSCC cell death via proapoptotic and anti-proliferative effects. Using chemical fractionation of CAN296, we identified the CBD fraction as the primary inducer of the anti-tumoral activity. We succeeded in defining the combination of CBD with cannabichromene (CBC) or tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) present in minute concentrations in the extract, yielding a synergic impact that mimics the extract’s full effect. The cytotoxic effect could be maximized by combining CBD with either CBC or THC in a ratio of 2:1. This research suggests using decarboxylated CBD-type extracts enriched with CBC for future preclinical trials aimed at HNSCC treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Cannabis Plant Extracts on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and the Quest for Cannabis-Based Personalized Therapy

Blal

Besser

Procaccia

et al. 2023

Cancers

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“…With the current and increasing global medical and recreational cannabis legalization, there is renewed enthusiasm for the use of cannabinoid drugs in several health disorders including tinnitus ( 1 , 13 , 42 ). The ubiquitous ECS consists of enzymes for the synthesis and degradation of endocannabinoids that activate cannabinoid receptors (CB1Rs and CB2Rs) and other candidate receptors ( 19 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ECS is involved in maintaining neural and/or immune homeostasis in all cells and tissues in mammalian biology and is widely distributed in auditory neuraxis. There is increasing attention on the use of cannabinoids in otolaryngologic pathologies as they may alleviate nausea, vomiting, and pain, but their use in vertigo and tinnitus is controversial ( 13 , 42 ). However, the functional role and mechanism of ECS involvement in the auditory system tonotopic organization from the cochlea to the central auditory centers have not been completely characterized and mapped.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocannabinoid system components as potential neuroimmune therapeutic targets in tinnitus

2023

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Research interest in understanding tinnitus has increased severalfold in the last decade to find a cure for this auditory disorder. Hyperacusis can also accompany tinnitus, although the mechanisms involved in hyperacusis and tinnitus are different. Millions of people suffer from some degree of tinnitus with hearing loss. Tinnitus is believed to be a form of sensory epilepsy, spawning neuronal hyperactivity from the cochlear nucleus and inferior colliculus of the auditory brainstem region. Cannabis has been used for recreation, medicinal purposes, and served as an entheogen from time immemorial. With the current and increasing global medical and recreational cannabis legalization, there is renewed enthusiasm for the use of cannabinoid drugs, and the role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in several health disorders including tinnitus which is associated with COVID-19. The ECS signaling pathways have been proposed to affect the underlying pathophysiology of tinnitus. Cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) have been found in the auditory system, raising interest in ECS signaling in hearing and tinnitus. However, previous studies mostly in animal models of tinnitus did not investigate the involvement of CB2Rs but focused on CB1R-based responses, which suggested that CB1R ligands had no effect and may even be harmful and worsen tinnitus. With new molecular techniques and transgenic approaches used to dissect the complexity of the ECS, the role of ECS/CB2R neuroimmunological function in the auditory system and tinnitus is emerging. This perspective proposes the role of emerging neuroimmune crosstalk of the ECS in sound-sensing structures of the auditory system as a potential pharmacogenomic therapeutic target using cannabinoid CB2R ligands in tinnitus in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Recent advances in the chromatographic analysis of endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids in biological samples

Inamassu,

Raspini e Silva,

Marchioni

2024

Journal of Chromatography A

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Endocannabinoid System and the Otolaryngologist

Cited by 3 publications

References 49 publications

The Effect of Cannabis Plant Extracts on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and the Quest for Cannabis-Based Personalized Therapy

The Effect of Cannabis Plant Extracts on Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and the Quest for Cannabis-Based Personalized Therapy

Endocannabinoid system components as potential neuroimmune therapeutic targets in tinnitus

Recent advances in the chromatographic analysis of endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids in biological samples

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