“…The ECS is composed of endogenous ligands, synthesizing and degrading enzymes, and features many cannabinoids receptors, which include the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB 1 ) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB 2 ) [22], orphan GPCRs including GPR12, GPR18, GPR35, GPR55, GPR119 [23], ligand-gated ion channels (i.e., transient receptor potential TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPA1, TRPM8) [24], and nuclear receptors (i.e., peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, PPARγ) [25][26][27]. Cannabinoids were suggested as possibly beneficial for pathologies of the ears, nose, and throat via their modulation of the endocannabinoid system [28]. The role of the ECS in cancer generation and progression has not been entirely determined, with conflicting reports published [29][30][31][32][33].…”