‘Endless forms most beautiful’: taxonomic revision of the planarian<i>Geoplana vaginuloides</i>(Darwin, 1844) and discovery of numerous congeners (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida)

Almeida, Ana Laura; Carbayo, Fernando

doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zly022

Cited by 862 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Remarks. Diagnostic features of the Geoplaninae are recognized in this species: creeping sole covering most of ventral surface, mouth posterior to mid-body, welldeveloped cutaneous musculature organized into bundles, part of the parenchymal muscle layers organized in longitudinal fibers (as they may be present in the subfamily) and testes dorsal (see Carbayo et al 2013, Almeida et al 2019.…”

Section: Pseudogeoplana Wetzeli (Schirch 1929) Figures 27-29mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Remarks. This species presents all the characteristics of the subfamily Geoplaninae, i.e., creeping sole covering most of the ventral surface, mouth posterior to the midbody, a well-developed cutaneous musculature organized into bundles, part of the parenchymal muscle layers organized in longitudinal fibers, and dorsal testes (see Almeida et al 2019).…”

Section: Pseudogeoplana Arpi (Schirch 1929) Figures 16-18mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Land planarians (Geoplanidae, Tricladida, Platyhelminthes) are free-living predators most diversified in intertropical forests. Approximately 910 species are currently known (Sluys 2016), a quarter of them occurring in Brazil (Almeida et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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X-ray microcomputed tomography applied to the taxonomic study of rare material: redescriptions of seven of Schirch’s Brazilian species of land planarians (Geoplanidae, Platyhelminthes)

Silva¹,

Carbayo²

2020

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In 2016, the type-material of ten of the 15 Brazilian land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplanidae) described by Schirch (1929) was discovered deposited in the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ). Schirch only described the external morphology of these species, all originally placed in the genus Geoplana. By the 1930s and 1950s Geoplana itatiayana, G. plana, and G. rezendei underwent taxonomic revision based on the study of non-type specimens. The remaining 12 species also underwent a taxonomic revision but only based on the literature. Current names of these species are Geoplana goettei, Pseudogeoplana arpi, Ps. blaseri, Ps. bonita, Ps. bresslaui, Ps. cardosi, Ps. doederleini, Ps. lumbricoides, Ps. obscura, Ps. riedeli, Ps. theresopolitana, and Ps. wetzeli. The species Geoplana maximiliani sensu Schirch (1929) was renamed as Ps. schirchi Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990. The present study reports a taxonomic revision of seven of Schirch’s species using type material, namely Obama itatiayana, Pasipha plana, Pseudogeoplana arpi, Ps. bresslaui, Ps. doederleini, Ps. schirchi and Ps. wetzeli. Additional specimens of some of these species were also examined. Morphological data from histological preparations and from virtual sections were obtained through a non-destructive technique of X-ray computed microtomography (µCT). This approach resulted in the preservation of the entire body of at least one type-specimen of each species, and the holotype of Ps. bresslaui. Conspecificity of O. itatiayana and P. plana was confirmed, as previously reported in the literature. It is also proposed that Ps. bresslaui belongs to the genus Paraba, while the other species should remain in Pseudogeoplana, since type-specimens are either immature, poorly preserved or simply lost.

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Section: Pseudogeoplana Wetzeli (Schirch 1929) Figures 27-29mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pseudogeoplana Arpi (Schirch 1929) Figures 16-18mentioning

confidence: 99%

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X-ray microcomputed tomography applied to the taxonomic study of rare material: redescriptions of seven of Schirch’s Brazilian species of land planarians (Geoplanidae, Platyhelminthes)

Silva¹,

Carbayo²

2020

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“…Anatomy and histology of the copulatory apparatus are central for the identification and systematics of these organisms (e.g., Froehlich, 1955 ; Negrete & Brusa, 2016 ). Nonetheless, when in several studies traditional, morphology-based taxonomic approaches were complemented with molecular methodologies, some nominal species were found to be polyphyletic ( Sluys et al, 2016 ; Carbayo et al, 2018 ; Almeida, Marques & Carbayo, 2019 ). Detailed reanalyses of the morphological evidence in those cases revealed that morphological variation assumed to represent within-species polymorphisms, actually signaled the existence of distinct species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Five new pseudocryptic land planarian species of Cratera (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) unveiled through integrative taxonomy

Araujo

Carbayo

Riutort

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Background Cratera is a genus of land planarians endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic forest. The species of this genus are distinguished from each other by a series of external and internal characters, nonetheless they represent a challenging taxonomic issue due to the extreme alikeness of the species analysed in the present work. To resolve these difficulties, we have performed morphological analyses and used three nuclear markers (ribosomal 18S and 28S, Elongation Factor, a new anonymous marker named Tnuc813) and two mitochondrial fragments (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, and a fragment encompasing NADH deshydrogenase subunit 4 gene, trnF and the beginning of the Cytochrome c oxidase I gene) in an integrative taxonomic study. Methods To unveil cryptic species, we applied a molecular species delimitation approach based on molecular discovery methods, followed by a validation method. The putative species so delimited were then validated on the basis of diagnostic morphological features. Results We discovered and described four new species, namely Cratera assu, C. tui, C. boja, and C. imbiri. A fifth new species, C. paraitinga was not highly supported by molecular evidence, but was described because its morphological attributes are unique. Our study documents for the genus Cratera the presence of a number of highly similar species, a situation that is present also in other genera of land planarians. The high number of poorly differentiated and presumably recent speciation events might be explained by the recent geological history of the area.

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“…Anatomy and histology of the copulatory apparatus are central for the identification and systematics of these organisms (e.g., E. M. Froehlich, 1955;Negrete & Brusa, 2016). Nonetheless, when in several studies traditional, morphology-based taxonomic approaches were complemented with molecular methodologies, some nominal species were found to be polyphyletic (Sluys et al, 2016;Carbayo et al, 2018;Almeida, Marques & Carbayo, 2019). Detailed reanalyses of the morphological evidence in those cases revealed that PeerJ reviewing PDF | (2020:04:48478:1:1:NEW 8 Jul 2020)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "Five new pseudocryptic land planarian species of Cratera (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) unveiled through integrative taxonomy (v0.2)"

Sluys¹

2020

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Background. Cratera is a genus of land planarians endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic forest. The species of this genus are distinguished from each other by a series of external and internal characters, nonetheless they represent a challenging taxonomic issue due to the extreme alikeness of the species analysed in the present work. To resolve these difficulties, we have performed morphological analyses and used three nuclear markers (ribosomal 18S and 28S, Elongation Factor, a new anonymous marker named Tnuc813) and two mitochondrial fragments (Cytochrome oxidase I and a fragment encompassing NADH4 gene, trnF and the beginning of the Cox1 gene) in an integrative taxonomic study. Methods. To unveil cryptic species, we applied a molecular species delimitation approach based on molecular discovery methods, followed by a validation method. The putative species so delimited were then validated on the basis of diagnostic morphological features. Results. We discovered and described four new species, namely Cratera assu, C. tui, C. boja, and C. imbiri. A fifth new species, C. paraitinga was not highly supported by molecular evidence, but was described because its morphological attributes are unique. Our study documents for the genus Cratera the presence of a number of highly similar species, a situation that is present also in other genera of land planarians. The high number of poorly differentiated and presumably recent speciation events might be explained by the recent geological history of the area.

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‘Endless forms most beautiful’: taxonomic revision of the planarianGeoplana vaginuloides(Darwin, 1844) and discovery of numerous congeners (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida)

Cited by 862 publications

References 32 publications

X-ray microcomputed tomography applied to the taxonomic study of rare material: redescriptions of seven of Schirch’s Brazilian species of land planarians (Geoplanidae, Platyhelminthes)

X-ray microcomputed tomography applied to the taxonomic study of rare material: redescriptions of seven of Schirch’s Brazilian species of land planarians (Geoplanidae, Platyhelminthes)

Five new pseudocryptic land planarian species of Cratera (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) unveiled through integrative taxonomy

Peer Review #1 of "Five new pseudocryptic land planarian species of Cratera (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) unveiled through integrative taxonomy (v0.2)"

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