Ending tuberculosis in India: A political challenge &amp; an opportunity

Dias, Hannah Monica; Pai, Madhukar; Raviglione, Mario C.

doi:10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_660_18

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Multidrug resistant Morganella morganii (5.59%) was reported from Nigerian hospital wastes ( Mustapha and Imir, 2019 ). Cephalosporin (0.50%) and ciprofloxacin (0.50%) resistant Morganella morganii were reported from a healthy community of Chandigarh, India (0.50%) ( Monica et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Antibiotic-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Pathogens in Potable Spring Water of Eastern Indian Himalayas: Emphasis on Virulence Gene and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli

et al. 2020

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Every year millions of people die due to fatal waterborne diseases around the world especially in developing countries like India. Sikkim, a northeastern state of India, greatly depends on natural water sources. About 80% of the population of Sikkim depends on natural spring water for domestic as well as agricultural use. Recent waterborne disease outbreaks in the state raises a concerning question on water quality. In this study, we analyzed water quality especially for the detection of Enterobacteriaceae members from four districts of the state. Isolation with selective culture media techniques and taxonomic characterization of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria with 16S rRNA gene showed the prevalence of Escherichia coli (37.50%), Escherichia fergusonii (29.41%), Klebsiella oxytoca (36.93%), Citrobacter freundii (37.92%), Citrobacter amalonaticus (43.82%), Enterobacter sp. (43.82%), Morganella morganii (43.82%), Hafnia alvei (32.42%), Hafnia paralvei (38.74%), and Shigella flexneri (30.47%) in the spring water of Sikkim. Antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) showed resistance of the isolates to common antibiotics like ampicillin, amoxicillin as well as to third generation antibiotics like ceftazidime and carbapenem. None of the isolates showed resistance to chloramphenicol. E. coli isolated from spring water of Sikkim showed presence of different virulence genes such as stx1 (81.81%), elt (86.66%), and eae (66.66%) along with resistance gene for ampicillin (CITM) (80%), quinolones (qnrB) (44.44%), tetracycline (tetO) (66.66%), and streptomycin (aadA1) (66.66%). The data indicates a high incidence rate of multiple antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria in the spring water of Sikkim. Additionally, the presence of enteric bacteria in the water samples indicates widespread fecal contamination of the spring water.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Antibiotic-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Pathogens in Potable Spring Water of Eastern Indian Himalayas: Emphasis on Virulence Gene and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli

et al. 2020

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“…The possible explanation why PAI due to TB is less common etiology in this study are both improvements in diagnostic techniques as well as effective implementation of TB eradication program. [ 12 ] The Indian Government Central TB Division developed a case-based and web-based system called “Nikshay”. This centralized system helped with the reporting of all TB cases, whether they diagnosed in government hospitals or private sectors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 9 10 11 ] However, there are no recent publications from the Indian subcontinent regarding the etiological profile of AD for more than two decades after the improvement in the daily and drug-sensitive ATTregimen by various TB elimination programs. [ 12 ] Hence, this study is planned to assess the various etiological spectrum of PAI in adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Profile of Addison’s Disease in a Tertiary Care Institute, Southern India – The Changing Landscape

Sivasubbu

Balachandran

Nazirudeen

et al. 2022

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Aims and Objectives: Clinical, biochemical, and radiological profiles of Addison’s disease and to assess the various etiological spectrum of primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) in adults. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out in the Department of Endocrinology, Madurai Medical College, Madurai between January 2014 and January 2021 over a 7-year period. Inclusion Criteria: All the patients with clinical symptoms and or signs of suspected PAI, such as hyperpigmentation, weight loss, persistent nausea or vomiting, fatigue, and hypotension, were recruited. All suspected cases underwent measurement of 8-AM plasma ACTH and cortisol levels. In possible cases and equivocal cortisol levels, patients underwent Co-syntropin/ACTH stimulation test. To know the underlying etiology of PAI, 21-hydroxylase autoantibodies (21OHAb), thyroid function test, Anti TPO, calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), LH and FSH, CT of chest and abdomen, and sputum AFB based on the clinical pattern of involvement were performed. Exclusion Criteria: Patients with onset of PAI at infancy and childhood, secondary adrenal insufficiency or exogenous Cushing’s syndrome, and central hypocortisolism, including Sheehan’s syndrome, were excluded. Results: Thirty-six patients were diagnosed with PAI in this study; 19 (53%) were females and 17 were males (47%). The median age of diagnosis was 35 years. Patients were divided into acute presentation and subacute presentation. Twenty-six patients presented with acute presentation and ten were presented with progressive evolved symptoms. Non-tuberculous etiology was the predominant finding noted in our cohort study (87%, 31 out of 36 patients). The other causes of Addison disease included isolated auto-immune PAI, polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type 1 and II, APLA Syndrome, and adrenal metastasis. Conclusion: Non-tuberculous causes of PAI are the leading etiology in our retrospective study. Autoimmune PAI and Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes are increasingly being recognized as the cause of Addison’s disease. PAI individuals require lifelong surveillance for possible development of coexisting autoimmune syndromes and need for glucocorticoid/mineralocorticoid therapy.

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“…Patients lost at this stage are highly vulnerable and may not receive treatment (or may receive inappropriate treatment), contributing to broader resistance patterns, community transmission and mortality/disability. The role of private sector involvement in HBCs can be crucial; for example, >50% of people with TB in India approach the private sector in the first instance (Dias et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Situational analysis of 10 countries with a high burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis 2 years post-UNHLM declaration: progress and setbacks in a changing landscape

Monedero-Recuero

Gegia

Wares

et al. 2021

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Objectives: Globally, drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is the leading cause of death globally related to antimicrobial resistance, affecting 500,000 emergent cases annually. In 2018, the first United Nations High-Level Meeting (UNHLM) on tuberculosis declared DR-TB a global public health priority. Bold country targets were established for 2018-2022. This study reviews the DR-TB situation in 2018, and the UNHLM target accomplishments in 10 high-burden countries (HBCs). Methods: An ecological descriptive analysis of the top 10 DR-TB HBCs

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Ending tuberculosis in India: A political challenge & an opportunity

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Distribution of Antibiotic-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Pathogens in Potable Spring Water of Eastern Indian Himalayas: Emphasis on Virulence Gene and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli

Distribution of Antibiotic-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Pathogens in Potable Spring Water of Eastern Indian Himalayas: Emphasis on Virulence Gene and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli

Clinical Profile of Addison’s Disease in a Tertiary Care Institute, Southern India – The Changing Landscape

Situational analysis of 10 countries with a high burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis 2 years post-UNHLM declaration: progress and setbacks in a changing landscape

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