Endemic goitre in the Sudan despite long-standing programmes for the control of iodine deficiency disorders

Medani, Abdel Monim M H; Elnour, Abdelsalam; Saeed, Amal

doi:10.2471/blt.09.075002

Cited by 27 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…However, more children from Port Sudan had goitre compared with those from Jabal Awliya. The prevalence of goitre in children from Port Sudan in our survey was somewhat lower (17?1 % v. 34?9 %) than in the nationwide survey which was conducted in the same year as our study (8) . It is plausible that the relatively smaller number of children we surveyed compared with theirs (n 140 v. n 654) might have underestimated the true prevalence of goitre.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

Iodine status and fish intake of Sudanese schoolchildren living in the Red Sea and White Nile regions

Hussein

Min²,

Ghebremeskel³

et al. 2012

Public Health Nutr.

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AbstractObjectiveTo investigate iodine status and fish consumption of schoolchildren living in the Red Sea and White Nile regions of Sudan.DesignCross-sectional study to determine urinary iodine concentration, visible goitre rate, iodine content of salt and fish consumption.SettingPort Sudan (Red Sea) and Jabal Awliya (White Nile), Sudan.SubjectsTwo hundred eighty (n280) children aged 6–12 years (142 boys, 138 girls).ResultsThe median urinary iodine concentration in children from Port Sudan and Jabal Awliya was 553 and 160 μg/l, respectively. Goitre was detected in 17·1 % of children from Port Sudan but only in 1·4 % from Jabal Awliya, The salt samples from Port Sudan contained 150–360 mg iodine (KOI3)/kg salt, whereas those from Jabal Awliya had levels below the detection limit. Despite consuming salt devoid of iodine, children from Jabal Awliya had optimal iodine status. It is plausible that consumption of Nile fish from Jabal Awliya Reservoir, which is a good source of iodine and favoured by the locals, might have provided sufficient iodine. In contrast, children from Port Sudan were at higher risk of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism resulting from consumption of excessively iodised salt.ConclusionsThe findings of the study clearly demonstrated that (i) Sudan still has a problem with iodine nutrition and quality control and monitoring of salt iodisation and (ii) including fish in the diet could provide a sufficient amount of iodine for schoolchildren.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

Iodine status and fish intake of Sudanese schoolchildren living in the Red Sea and White Nile regions

Hussein

Min²,

Ghebremeskel³

et al. 2012

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Thyroid gland diseases vary according to the environment, diet, heredity and social background [4]. Iodine deficiency is one of the commonest environmental factors responsible for thyroid diseases, More than one billion persons are at risk of iodine deficiency worldwide and 200 million have goitre [5]. In Sudan, iodine deficiency and endemic goitre and variable thyroid dysfunctions are persistent health problems, with the prevalence of goitre reaching up to 22% in some areas, (with a range of 13% to 87% ) [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iodine deficiency is one of the commonest environmental factors responsible for thyroid diseases, More than one billion persons are at risk of iodine deficiency worldwide and 200 million have goitre [5]. In Sudan, iodine deficiency and endemic goitre and variable thyroid dysfunctions are persistent health problems, with the prevalence of goitre reaching up to 22% in some areas, (with a range of 13% to 87% ) [5]. Although the salt iodination program was introduced in Sudan as early as the 1970s the problem is still there, and it is expected to affect mainly neonates, children and young females.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the salt iodination program was introduced in Sudan as early as the 1970s the problem is still there, and it is expected to affect mainly neonates, children and young females. However, only a few studies have been conducted on this issue in Sudan, most of them many years ago [5]. The investigation and management of thyroid dysfunctions are not considered in routine screening protocols of pregnant women, or of those planning to get pregnant, even though missing the diagnosis and the delay in managing the thyroid dysfunctions has been proved to have a deleterious effect on the wellbeing of mother and offspring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction among Sudanese Pregnant Women

Saeed¹,

Yassin²,

Elmahdi³

et al. 2015

SOJGOW

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“…A median UIC of 55?5 mg/dl was reported in Hussein et al's study (33) . It is noteworthy that studies done in the 1980s reported relatively low urinary iodine excretion with lower goitre rates in this city as compared with the recent studies (22,33) . The reason for the high goitre prevalence despite excess iodine intake in the present study needs further evaluation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Excessive iodine intake, water chemicals and endemic goitre in a Sudanese coastal area

Medani¹,

Elnour²,

Saeed³

2012

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To study the associations between intakes of iodine and water chemicals and the thyroid gland status of schoolchildren living in the coastal city of Port Sudan. Design: In our previous nationwide study on goitre, it was observed that the prevalence of goitre was high in Port Sudan city despite high urinary iodine excretion. A cross-sectional study including schoolchildren aged 6-12 years was designed. Measurements determined the prevalence of goitre, urinary iodine concentration and thiocyanate secretion in casual urine samples, serum levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroglobulin, as well as the levels of Cl

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Endemic goitre in the Sudan despite long-standing programmes for the control of iodine deficiency disorders

Cited by 27 publications

References 19 publications

Iodine status and fish intake of Sudanese schoolchildren living in the Red Sea and White Nile regions

Iodine status and fish intake of Sudanese schoolchildren living in the Red Sea and White Nile regions

The Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction among Sudanese Pregnant Women

Excessive iodine intake, water chemicals and endemic goitre in a Sudanese coastal area

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