Excessive iodine intake, water chemicals and endemic goitre in a Sudanese coastal area

Medani, Abdel Monim M H; Elnour, Abdelsalam; Saeed, Amal

doi:10.1017/s1368980012004685

Cited by 17 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It's well documented in previous studies that the prevalence of goiter in school children is higher in iodine excess or deficient areas than in iodine sufficient areas [4], [33], [34], [35], [36]; the prevalence of goiter in school-age children is usually used as a major indicator of IDD surveillance [37]. The results of this study, which included both diffuse and nodular goiter, indicated that goiter prevalence was low (<5%) in all three groups, regardless of iodine excess or deficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Iodine Deficiency and Excess Coexist in China and Induce Thyroid Dysfunction and Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

Gao

Meng

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundIn spite of the salt iodization, iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) have not been sustainably eliminated in China. There are coastal areas with low iodized salt coverage rates (iodine nutrition is inadequate) and other areas with excessive amounts of iodine in the drinking water.ObjectiveThis study aimed to clarify the association of iodine deficiencies resulting from a low coverage rate of iodized salt, excess iodine intake from drinking water with thyroid function and disease in adults.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted in adults in different iodine nutrition areas in three provinces in China.ResultsThe prevalence of thyroid nodules was 15.52%, 8.66% and 22.17% in the iodine excess, sufficient and deficient groups, respectively. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 20.09%, 10.41%, and 2.25% in the excess, sufficient and deficient iodine groups, respectively. The prevalence of subclinical hyperthyroidism and overt hyperthyroidism in the iodine deficient group was higher than that in the iodine excess group ( = 9.302, p = 0.002) and iodine sufficient group ( = 7.553, p = 0.006). Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was significantly correlated with excess iodine intake (β = 1.764,P = 0.001) and deficient iodine intake (β = −1.219, P = 0.028).ConclusionsThyroid nodules are more likely to be present in the iodine excess and deficient areas than in the iodine sufficient areas. Subclinical hyperthyroidism and overt hyperthyroidism are more likely to be prevalent in the iodine deficient areas than in the iodine excess or sufficient areas. Subclinical hypothyroidism is more likely to be prevalent in the high iodine intake areas than in the iodine deficient or sufficient areas. Median TSH may be deemed as an alternative indicator for monitoring the iodine nutrition status of the adult population in iodine excess and deficient areas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Iodine Deficiency and Excess Coexist in China and Induce Thyroid Dysfunction and Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

Gao

Meng

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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“…Twenty-three papers reported cross-sectional studies in children [41, 43–64], of which 14 papers mainly reported thyroid diseases [41, 46, 47–49, 51–55, 56–58, 60], four reported biomarkers [61–64] and five described both [43–45, 50, 59] (Tables 5 and 6). Except for Nepal et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fortified food might have been a cause in two papers, from Sudan [51] and the USA [60], while seafood consumption might have been the cause in one paper from Japan [57]. The cause was not clearly described in others [43, 50] or was not assessed because median UIC was not excessive [61–64]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of excess iodine intake on thyroid diseases in different populations: A systematic review and meta-analyses including observational studies

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAlthough several reports concerning the association of iodine excess and thyroid disease have appeared, no systematic review of the association between iodine excess intake and thyroid diseases, especially hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, has yet been reported.MethodWe conducted a systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases, Ichushi-Web and CiNii database for intervention trials and observational studies. Search terms were constructed from related words for excess AND iodine intake or excretion AND thyroid hormones or diseases AND study designs. After considering the qualitative heterogeneity among studies, a meta-analysis was conducted and odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated in random-effects models. A protocol was registered with PROSPERO (No. CRD42015028081).Results50 articles were included, including three intervention trials, six case-control studies, six follow-up studies and 35 cross-sectional studies. Three cross-sectional studies in adults included in meta-analysis. Odds ratio of overt and subclinical hypothyroidism between excess and adequate populations were 2.78 (CI:1.47 to 5.27) and 2.03 (CI:1.58 to 2.62) in adults, respectively. Source of excess iodine status was mainly iodized salt or water in included studies.ConclusionAlthough universal salt iodization has improved goiter rates, chronic exposure to excess iodine from water or poorly monitored salt are risk factors for hypothyroidism in free-living populations. Monitoring of both iodine concentration in salt as well as the iodine concentration in local drinking water are essential to preventing thyroid diseases. Hypothyroidism should be also carefully monitored in areas with excess iodine. Because of the low quality and limited number of included studies, further evidence and review are required.

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“…Research findings from several regions of the world are included; i.e. Africa: Senegal (3) , Uganda (4,5) , Mozambique (6,7) , Mali (8) , Sudan (9) , Kenya (10)(11)(12)(13) and South Sudan (14) ; Asia: Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia (15) , India (16)(17)(18) , Pakistan (19) and Sri Lanka (20) ; the Caribbean: Trinidad and Tobago (21) ; and Latin America: Colombia (22) . This research reflects the wide range of nutritional issues that low-and middle-income countries face, i.e.…”

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confidence: 99%

Making nutrition work for development

Lachat

2013

Public Health Nutr.

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Excessive iodine intake, water chemicals and endemic goitre in a Sudanese coastal area

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

Iodine Deficiency and Excess Coexist in China and Induce Thyroid Dysfunction and Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

Iodine Deficiency and Excess Coexist in China and Induce Thyroid Dysfunction and Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

Effect of excess iodine intake on thyroid diseases in different populations: A systematic review and meta-analyses including observational studies

Making nutrition work for development

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