Endectocidal efficacies of doramectin in naturally parasitized pigs

Yazwinski, T. A.; Tucker, Chris; Featherston, H; Johnson, Z. B.; Wood-Huels, Nanci

doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(96)01145-4

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Crusts were formed in one member of the M group and in all animals treated with Dexamethasone (MD group). The antiparasitic drug Doramectin ® was administered by intramuscular injection at the start of week 16, at a recommended dosage to kill off the mites within a week [41]. Infected skin healed within 5 weeks before the final scrapings were taken at week 21.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scabies Mites Alter the Skin Microbiome and Promote Growth of Opportunistic Pathogens in a Porcine Model

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThe resident skin microbiota plays an important role in restricting pathogenic bacteria, thereby protecting the host. Scabies mites (Sarcoptes scabiei) are thought to promote bacterial infections by breaching the skin barrier and excreting molecules that inhibit host innate immune responses. Epidemiological studies in humans confirm increased incidence of impetigo, generally caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, secondary to the epidermal infestation with the parasitic mite. It is therefore possible that mite infestation could alter the healthy skin microbiota making way for the opportunistic pathogens. A longitudinal study to test this hypothesis in humans is near impossible due to ethical reasons. In a porcine model we generated scabies infestations closely resembling the disease manifestation in humans and investigated the scabies associated changes in the skin microbiota over the course of a mite infestation.Methodology/Principal FindingsIn a 21 week trial, skin scrapings were collected from pigs infected with S. scabies var. suis and scabies-free control animals. A total of 96 skin scrapings were collected before, during infection and after acaricide treatment, and analyzed by bacterial 16S rDNA tag-encoded FLX-titanium amplicon pyrosequencing. We found significant changes in the epidermal microbiota, in particular a dramatic increase in Staphylococcus correlating with the onset of mite infestation in animals challenged with scabies mites. This increase persisted beyond treatment from mite infection and healing of skin. Furthermore, the staphylococci population shifted from the commensal S. hominis on the healthy skin prior to scabies mite challenge to S. chromogenes, which is increasingly recognized as being pathogenic, coinciding with scabies infection in pigs. In contrast, all animals in the scabies-free cohort remained relatively free of Staphylococcus throughout the trial.Conclusions/SignificanceThis is the first experimental in vivo evidence supporting previous assumptions that establishment of pathogens follow scabies infection. Our findings provide an explanation for a biologically important aspect of the disease pathogenesis. The methods developed from this pig trial will serve as a guide to analyze human clinical samples. Studies building on this will offer implications for development of novel intervention strategies against the mites and the secondary infections.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scabies Mites Alter the Skin Microbiome and Promote Growth of Opportunistic Pathogens in a Porcine Model

et al. 2014

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“…Ohba et al (1989) used different doses of ivermectin like 75, 150 and 300 lg/kg body weight with single subcutaneous injection against live mites and eggs of Sarcoptic sacbiei in pigs and found 300 lg/kg body weight was best for eradication of mites and eggs. One of the advantages of use of injectable avermectin compounds is that farmers can use the medicines as endectocidal agent's means these medicines could be used for treatment of both internal parasitic infections and external parasitic infestations (Saeki et al 1996;Yazwinski et al 1997). Thus farmers can save their money in such type of simultaneous treatment.…”

Section: Treatment and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcoptic mange infestation in pigs: an overview

Laha

2014

J Parasit Dis

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Sarcoptic mange infestation in pigs is caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis. It is the most common mange infestation of pigs. The parasite is distributed worldwide. Pig owners are generally concerned about the internal parasitic infections and ignored the external parasitic infestations. But the external parasitic infestation with S. scabiei var. suis has economic significance as it causes morbidity, mortality, decreased fertility and feed conversion ratio in pigs. Keeping in view of importance of S. scabies var. suis infestation in pigs, this communication discussed about the present and past research works done on S. scabies var. suis infestation in pigs, particularly its prevalence, life cycle, pathological lesions, clinical symptoms, haematobiochemical changes, diagnosis, treatment and control, to have an idea about this infestation at a glance. It has been concluded that the research work done on sarcoptic mange infestation in pigs in India is less in comparison to other countries. It may be due to its consideration as a neglected parasite or due to it's under report. Organization of awareness programs for the farmers by extension personalities or other authorities might be able to save the farmers from economic losses due to this infestation.

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“…The additional value of our study is that natural contact transmission was established, as occurs in a field situation when one, or a few infested pigs are introduced into a naive population. When comparing acaricide-treated pigs with naturally infested pigs, some of the more extreme results observed in field studies may be due to the treatment also affecting endoparasitic infections (34). Endoparasitic infections also have a pronounced effect on production performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production performance and pruritic behaviour of pigs naturally infected by sarcoptes scabiei var. suis in a contact transmission experiment

Elbers

Rambags²,

Heijden³

et al. 2000

Veterinary Quarterly

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,13). Such metastases seem to occur frequently, as seen in our postmortem material and from a preliminary retrospective study of carcinomas in the skin in cats, where many had the features of metastatic carcinomas of pulmonary origin (own data, not shown). Metastases of primary pulmonary carcinomas in digits and other organs have also been described in humans (2). The cat is the only domestic animal in which metastases of a primary pulmonary carcinoma in the digits have been described. The reason for this phenomenon is not known. A possible haematogenous spread of the tumour and the high vascularity of the digits in cats are mentioned as possible factors (5,15). In the primary pulmonary carcinomas in our cats, large arteries and veins were often invaded and in the metastases in the digits neoplastic aggregates were regularly seen within arteries. In only two of the 12 cats offered for postmortem examination were metastases of the pulmonary carcinomas found in the bronchial lymph nodes. Thus, feline pulmonary carcinomas seem to metastasize haematogenously rather than lymphogenously. In cats with malignant epithelial tumours in the digits, it is important to realize that most are digital metastases of pulmonary carcinomas, with a poor prognosis. So, in all cases with clinical suspicion of a tumour in a digit, thoracic radiographs should be made before surgery. Accepted for publication: November 2, 1999. SUMMARYReports on the effects of mange on the production performance of pigs are conflicting. So far, studies have used experimental infections, by depositing encrusted lesions from chronically infected pigs into the ears of experimental pigs. However, this is a poor representation of what happens under natural field conditions. The purpose of our study was to quantify the effects of sarcoptic mange on production performance and pruritus in pigs that were infected by contact with S. scabiei var. suis-infected pigs. A total of 80 piglets were matched by sex and weight and randomly divided between experimental and control compartments. In the experimental compartment, each of Animal Health Service, PO Box 4, 5280 AA Boxtel, the Netherlands.three naturally S. scabiei var. suis-infested pigs were randomly allocated to three pens with 13 susceptible pigs each. tal compartment had a nine times (95% CI: 2 -44) higher chance of showing pruritic behaviour than pigs in the control compartment.

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Endectocidal efficacies of doramectin in naturally parasitized pigs

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Scabies Mites Alter the Skin Microbiome and Promote Growth of Opportunistic Pathogens in a Porcine Model

Scabies Mites Alter the Skin Microbiome and Promote Growth of Opportunistic Pathogens in a Porcine Model

Sarcoptic mange infestation in pigs: an overview

Production performance and pruritic behaviour of pigs naturally infected by sarcoptes scabiei var. suis in a contact transmission experiment

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