End-Fire Vivaldi Antenna Array With Wide Fan-Beam for 5G Mobile Handsets

Lee, Won Woo; Hwang, In June; Jang, Beakcheol

doi:10.1109/access.2020.3004867

“…However, the methods to create beam steering in [26][27][28][29] do not have any mechanical switches (for example microelectro-mechanical switches (MEMS), or pin diode, and varactor) which can add some losses to the system. In [30][31][32] the antennas have good efciency and almost enough gain but the size of the proposed antenna in this work is smaller. Also, the proposed antenna has the required gain for 5G application (At least is 12 dB).…”

Section: Implementation Of the Beam Switchingmentioning

confidence: 88%

Design a Multistub Array Antenna at 28 GHz with Beam Switching Ability

Lak

¹

2022

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

0

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In this paper, a Millimeter Wave antenna is designed which has a compact, lightweight and planar configuration. The frequency band is 27–29.5 GHz as a candidate band for 5G/millimeter Wave (mmW) systems. The antenna structure is similar to Quasi Yagi antenna which has driver, director, feeding part, and reflector. Substrate Integrated Waveguide used for feeding part of single element antenna and Wilkinson power divider used for antenna array feeding network. The proposed antenna has been simulated, fabricated, and measured (S11, E, and H pattern). The simulation and measurement values showed good similarity. The switched line phase shifter used to consider the beam steering (rotation) ability of the designed antenna which is important in (mmW) systems such as RADARs and mobile handsets. To evaluate this ability, for 0 ° , 30 ° , 45 ° , and 90 ° phase differences, the beam steering angle ( θ ) simulated and also for − 90 ° and 90 ° implemented. The results showed that the efficiency, S11, and E patterns in the rotated beam is suitable and without degradation in antenna operation. To simulate and evaluate the designed antenna HFSS and CST Software are used.

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“…Generally, the number of antenna array elements are 2 N owing to 2 N -way is beneficial structure for designing a power divider with minimum losses. In addition, impedance matching can be accomplished easily 23 . The schematics of three different array antennas are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Antenna Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and SAR assessment of three compact 5G antenna arrays

Lak

¹

,

Adelpour

²

,

Oraizi

³

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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In this paper three different multi stub antenna arrays at 27–29.5 GHz are designed. The proposed antenna arrays consist of eight single elements. The structure of feeding parts is the same but the radiation elements are different. The feeding network for array is an eight way Wilkinson power divider (WPD). To guarantee the simulation results, one of the proposed structures is fabricated and measured (namely the characteristics of S11, E-, and H-plane patterns) which shows acceptable consistency with measurement results. The simulation results by CST and HFSS show reasonable agreement for reflection coefficient and radiation patterns in the E- and H- planes. The overall size of the proposed antenna in maximum case is 29.5 mm × 52 mm × 0.38 mm (2.8 $${{\varvec{\lambda}}}_{0}$$ λ 0 × 4.86$${{\varvec{\lambda}}}_{0}$$ λ 0 × 0.036$${{\varvec{\lambda}}}_{0}$$ λ 0 ). Moreover, for Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) estimation, a three-layer spherical human head model (skin, skull, and the brain) is placed next to the arrays as the exposure source. The simulation results show that the performance of proposed antennas as low-SAR sources makes them ideal candidates for the safe usage and lack of impact of millimeter waves (mmW) on the human health. In all three cases of SAR simulations the value of SAR1g and SAR10g are below the standard limitations.

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“…In recent scientific works, a number of broadband antenna designs such as end-fire travelling wave antennas and leaky wave travelling antennas have been reported [7,8]. The surface wave nature of the tapered slot travelling wave antennas produces a symmetrical end-fire radiation pattern with a broad bandwidth and appreciable gain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To achieve wide beamwidth for 5G applications, the authors in Ref. [8] presented a multilayer antipodal Vivaldi 1 � 4 antenna array on thin substrate layers. The array is designed on 10 layers of thin stacked substrates and is fed through a Co-planar Waveguide (CPW) transmission line that is implemented on the same substrate along with a power dividing section.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Broadband dual‐podal multilayer Vivaldi antenna array for remote sensing applications

Nasir

¹

,

Iftikhar

²

,

Shafique

³

et al. 2023

IET Microwaves Antenna & Prop

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A novel wideband multilayer dual-podal Vivaldi antenna with broadband characteristics from 5.5 to 20.82 GHz, is presented. Contrary to traditional Vivaldi antennas that are antipodal-based, this design is realised by placing a pair of podal Vivaldi antennas with corrugated slots on the top and bottom of a substrate stack (consisting of two dielectric layers) using a Bondply. The pair is fed in-phase with the help of a Strip-Line (SL) transmission section that is terminated on a radial stub to couple capacitively to the antenna elements. With this technique of electrically coupling a podal Vivaldi pair, improved performance parameters are achieved, specifically: a measured maximum gain of 9.33 dBi, Half Power Beam Width of 126.5°in the H-plane, and a maximum Front-to-Back (F/B) ratio of 14.36 dB with an overall antenna size of 29 � 21 � 1.63 mm. The in-depth understanding of the working mechanism is supported by a detailed parametric analysis, current distribution, and a clear physical insight into the operating principles. Moreover, a 1 � 4 Vivaldi antenna array is also designed and analysed. A measured maximum gain of the 13 dBi at 15 GHz in the array is achieved along with the wide bandwidth of 6.3 GHz from 10.78 to 17.07 GHz. The array is fed through an SL corporate feed network that ensures in-phase excitation of all four Vivaldi pairs. A Grounded Co-planar Waveguide to SL transition is adopted for connecting the 2.92 mm Radio Frequency launcher on the top layer. The very compact geometry of the proposed structure enables its integration into the systems for remote sensing applications. K E Y W O R D S antenna arrays, multilayers, Vivaldi antennas | INTRODUCTIONWide Band antennas have been used in many applications of remote sensing, such as water detection, medical imaging, communication systems, and high-resolution radars [1][2][3][4]. For such remote sensing applications, miniaturised Vivaldi antennas with broad bandwidth, end-fire radiation, high (F/B) ratio, and high gain are regarded as one of the most suitable options. To achieve compactness in a typical planar geometry, both feeding and radiating components must be closely fittedThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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End-Fire Vivaldi Antenna Array With Wide Fan-Beam for 5G Mobile Handsets

Cited by 20 publications

References 14 publications

Design a Multistub Array Antenna at 28 GHz with Beam Switching Ability

Design a Multistub Array Antenna at 28 GHz with Beam Switching Ability

Design and SAR assessment of three compact 5G antenna arrays

Broadband dual‐podal multilayer Vivaldi antenna array for remote sensing applications

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