Enclave oil development and the rearticulation of citizenship in Turkana, Kenya: Exploring ‘crude citizenship’

Enns, Charis; Bersaglio, Brock

doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.10.010

Cited by 39 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Literature examining resource enclaves in Africa, linked with oil extraction (Ackah-Baidoo 2012; Enns and Bersaglio 2015; Van Alstine et al 2014), highlights how resource enclaves represent geographical configurations of capitalist globalisation in particular sites of extraction, which, in turn, challenge ideas of citizenship and state-firmcommunity relationship; resource enclaves have been used as a tool for state control of territory. However, contrary to what Enns and Bersaglio (2015) argue (that the state chose to be absent), I affirm thatat least in the salmon casethe state has chosen to be present through the law and institutions that discipline communities into accepting the presence of the salmon industry.…”

Section: Enclave Economies and Political Ecologycontrasting

confidence: 86%

“…Literature examining resource enclaves in Africa, linked with oil extraction (Ackah‐Baidoo ; Enns and Bersaglio ; Van Alstine et al . ), highlights how resource enclaves represent geographical configurations of capitalist globalisation in particular sites of extraction, which, in turn, challenge ideas of citizenship and state‐firm‐community relationship; resource enclaves have been used as a tool for state control of territory.…”

Section: Enclave Economies and Political Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The post 2008 Chilean Salmon industry: an example of an enclave economy

Bustos

2017

Geographical Journal

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The salmon industry in Chile experienced large and rapid growth over the past three decades and by 2008 Chile was the second largest producer of salmon in the world after Norway. However, the industry was affected by a sanitary crisis that impacted on its growth and forced a change in production strategies. This paper argues that the post‐crisis scenario shows the deepening of an enclave economy in Los Lagos region that is changing the way in which the industry participates in rural development. Starting with a literature review on enclave and extractive economies I characterise the salmon industry as an enclave, and then examine evidence from the field to identify local effects in rural communities of this new form of relationship. I conclude by calling for a revitalisation of the geographical debates on enclave economies from a political ecology perspective to better understand communities’ interaction with extractive economies.

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Section: Enclave Economies and Political Ecologycontrasting

confidence: 86%

Section: Enclave Economies and Political Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The post 2008 Chilean Salmon industry: an example of an enclave economy

Bustos

2017

Geographical Journal

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“…The primary source of energy in Kenya is mostly derived from traditional biomass burning, geothermal, hydropower, and fossil fuels (Longa and van der Zwaan, 2017). A total of 33 wells were drilled in the country between 1954 and 2011 (Enns and Bersaglio, 2015). Although these wells showed clear indications of hydrocarbons, none were commercially viable (Enns and Bersaglio, 2015).…”

Section: Research Background: Oil and Gas Industry In Kenyamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strategy implementation is the process of putting plans and strategy into actions in order to accomplish the long-term goals of the organisation. Operators and marketers in the oil and gas industry face a range of challenges, associated with growing concerns about the environmental impacts of petroleum extraction (Camps, 2015;Mkutu et al, 2019), inadequate infrastructure (Enns and Bersaglio, 2016), weak governance framework (Mkutu et al, 2019), changing land use and tenure systems (Enns and Bersaglio, 2015), community-investor conflict (Mkutu et al, 2019), and widely fluctuating oil prices (Camps, 2015;Enns and Bersaglio, 2016). Many oil exploration companies have cut back on their budgets for oil exploration and development (Enns and Bersaglio, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organisational Structure and Strategy Implementation: Empirical Evidence from Oil Marketing Companies in Kenya

Yabarow¹,

Muathe²

2020

IJMAR

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The paper aims to investigate the relationship between organisational structure and strategy implementation in oil marketing companies. The study attempts to ascertain the perceptions of the employees regarding the impact of organisational structure on strategy implementation using four organisational variables: hierarchical levels, organisational communication, decision making structures and organisational culture. Based on a sample of 148 respondents working in Kenyan oil marketing companies, the study found that hierarchical levels, organisational communication, decision making structures and organisational culture have a certain influence on strategy implementation. By considering the influence of communication, decision-making, and organisational culture, this study attempts to explore the ways in which organisational structure influences strategy implementation in Kenyan oil marketing companies.

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“…By doing so, the TNCs are taking over an institution— barazas— previously utilized by local governments to consult with communities. In turn, oil offices have become the go‐to places for urban residents to seek redress about services, to get information about jobs, and to seek recognition (Enns and Bersaglio : 85–86). Similar inverted authority has been reported in Uganda, Nigeria, and Chad where citizens direct their needs, fears, and hope to transnational oil corporations such as Tullow (United Kingdom), Total (France), CNOOC (China), and Shell (United Kingdom), while local governments remain mere spectators (Van Alstine et al ).…”

Section: Limits To Tnc Social Spendingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transnational Corporations and Urban Development

Obeng‐Odoom¹

2018

American J Econ Sociol

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Transnational corporations (TNCs) in Africa play significant roles in controlling utilities, privately appropriating common resources, and planning urban space. On the one hand, the extralegal powers of TNCs are legitimized with patronizing discourses about the incompetence of African nations in managing their own affairs and with the specter of a “resource curse” that supposedly immobilizes the self‐governing capacities of Africans. On the other hand, TNCs arrogate to themselves statutory municipal power, ignore or manipulate various channels of accountability, and privately appropriate sociallycreated rents. Some critics of TNCs propose a withdrawal from globalization or greater regulation to limit the power of TNCs. But protectionist or isolationist approaches are entirely mistaken and further undermine the social management of the commons in Africa. Instead, Africans should seek directly to break the chains of monopoly and oligopoly, especially over natural resources. They should also strive to use land for the common good and to systematically build social states in Africa to overcome subservience to TNCs. While previous attempts at autonomous development in Africa have sometimes led to military action by former colonizers and current neo‐colonial imperialists, recent evidence from Africa suggests that such a strategy might succeed now. This article proposes to extend the politics of urban reform in the Gilded Age and Progressive Era in the United States to contemporary Africa. In doing so, it shows how African cities today are working to create local capacity by municipalizing services that have been privatized, such as distribution of water. Despite many obstacles posed by TNCs and their home governments, Africans are making great strides to overcome the enduring legacies of colonialism.

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Enclave oil development and the rearticulation of citizenship in Turkana, Kenya: Exploring ‘crude citizenship’

Cited by 39 publications

References 29 publications

The post 2008 Chilean Salmon industry: an example of an enclave economy

The post 2008 Chilean Salmon industry: an example of an enclave economy

Organisational Structure and Strategy Implementation: Empirical Evidence from Oil Marketing Companies in Kenya

Transnational Corporations and Urban Development

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