Encephalomyelitis of Swine Caused by a Haemagglutinating Virus VI. Morphology of the Virus

Greig, A. S.; Johnson, C. M.; Bouillant, A. M. P.

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(18)34153-5

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This indicates that the VW572 nucleic acid is of the RNA-type. The size, nucleic acid type, ether sensivity and further characteristics such as the formation of syncytia, hemagglutinating and hemadsorbing activity, association of hemagglutinin with the virion, indicate the similarity of the VW572 isolate with hemagglutinating encephalitis virus (I-IEV) (11,12,13,16), vomiting and wasting disease (VWD) virus (5,6) and HEV 67N (22,24), isolated in Canada, England and the U.S.A., respectively, for which the classification as a coronavirus was already proposed (15,22,28). The present results with the VW572 isolate are in agreement with such classification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of a coronavirus causing vomition and wasting in pigs

Pensaert

Callebaut

1974

Archiv f Virusforschung

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Some characteristics of a virus, isolated from the tonsils of 2 pigs with clinical signs of inappetenee and vomition and designated VW572 were examined. It induced the formation of syneytia in primary pig kidney cell cultures, caused hemadsorption and hemagglutination using chicken, turkey, rat and mouse erythrocytes. In growth curve experiments, infectious virus was produced intracellularly starting at 6 hours after inoculation and was followed by rapid release of the virus from the infected cells. The virus contains ribonucleic acid, is ether sensitive and has a size between 100 and 220 nm. At 37 ~ C, the infectivity titer decreased about 2 lOgl0TCIDs0 per 24 hours. The viral population was heterogeneous as indicated by the rate of inactivation by U.V. irradiation and acid pH. Some hemagglutinating activity was left after complete loss of infectivity by ether-, temperature-and U.V. treatment. The VW 572 isolate is antigenically related if not identical to isolates from Canada, U.S.A. and England which were classified as a porcine eoronavirus.Oronasal and intracerebral inoculation of the VW572 isolate in colostrum deprived pigs resulted in clinical disease after an incubation period of 6 and 4 days, respectively. Signs were characterized by depression, vomition, loss of appetence with rapid weakness in young pigs and vomition with progressive wasting in older pigs. Virus was isolated from nasal and pharyngeal swabs, nasal mueosa, tonsils, lungs and hind brains but not from rectal swabs or other organs tested. Virus could not be isolated later than 8 days after inoculation. Hemagglutination inhibiting and neutralizing antibodies were detected in sera at 6 days and 9 days after inoculation, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of a coronavirus causing vomition and wasting in pigs

Pensaert

Callebaut

1974

Archiv f Virusforschung

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“…Possibly this additional glycoprotein forms the second type of peplomer. Two types of peplomers have been observed rarely on HEV and MHV virions (Greig et al, 1971;Sugiyama and Amano, 1981). It is not clear to what extent the morphological differences between peplomers of coronaviruses reflect differences in amino acid sequence, glycosylation, proteolytic cleavage, or reduction of disulfide bonds (see Sections II,C and IV,A).…”

Section: A Viral Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Molecular Biology of Coronaviruses

Sturman

Holmes

1983

Advances in Virus Research

285

252

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“…Originally, the virus was mistakenly associated with a Myxovirus / Paramyxovirus group (55). The virus was finally classified as a coronavirus in 1971 (56, 57). Specifically, PHEV belongs to the genus Betacoronavirus of the family Coronaviridae (group 2a) in the order Nidovirales (58).…”

Section: History Of the Emergence Of Phevmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus: A Review

et al. 2019

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The porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) is classified as a member of genus Betacoronavirus , family Coronaviridae , sub-family Cornavirinae , and order Nidovirales . PHEV shares the same genomic organization, replication strategy, and expression of viral proteins as other nidoviruses. PHEV produces vomiting and wasting disease (VWD) and/or encephalomyelitis, being the only known neurotropic coronavirus affecting pigs. First clinical outbreak was reported in 1957 in Ontario, Canada. Although pigs are the only species susceptible to natural PHEV infections, the virus displays neurotropism in mice and Wistar rats. Clinical disease, morbidity, and mortality is age-dependent and generally reported only in piglets under 4 weeks old. The primary site of replication of PHEV in pigs is the respiratory tract, and it can be further spread to the central nervous system through the peripheral nervous system via different pathways. The diagnosis of PHEV can be made using a combination of direct and indirect detection methods. The virus can be isolated from different tissues within the acute phase of the clinical signs using primary and secondary pig-derived cell lines. PHEV agglutinates the erythrocytes of mice, rats, chickens, and several other animals. PCR-based methods are useful to identify and subsequently isolate animals that are actively shedding the virus. The ability to detect antibodies allows producers to know the status of first-litter gilts and evaluate their risk of tier offspring to infection. PHEV is highly prevalent and circulates subclinically in most swine herds worldwide. PHEV-related disease is not clinically relevant in most of the swine-producing countries, most likely because of dams are immune to PHEV which may confer passive immunity to their offspring. However, PHEV should be considered a major source of economic loss because of the high mortality on farms with high gilt replacement rates, specific pathogen-free animals, and gnotobiotic swine herds. Thus, in the absence of current PHEV vaccines, promoting virus circulation on farms with early exposure to gilts and young sows could induce maternal immunity and prevent disease in piglets.

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Encephalomyelitis of Swine Caused by a Haemagglutinating Virus VI. Morphology of the Virus

Cited by 21 publications

References 6 publications

Characteristics of a coronavirus causing vomition and wasting in pigs

Characteristics of a coronavirus causing vomition and wasting in pigs

The Molecular Biology of Coronaviruses

Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus: A Review

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