“…Whey proteins are often biodegradable and protective derivatives of proteins are susceptible to cell release when the concentrations used are too high (Solanki et al, 2013). The emulsion technique is carried out through emulsion droplets and to entrap of probiotic bacteria to enhance the survival of microorganism cells under extreme environmental conditions according to the type of emulsifier (Chavarri et al, 2012). According to Heidebach (2009a) the emulsion technique in encapsulation using milk protein ingredients can provide good cell viability.…”
“…Whey proteins are often biodegradable and protective derivatives of proteins are susceptible to cell release when the concentrations used are too high (Solanki et al, 2013). The emulsion technique is carried out through emulsion droplets and to entrap of probiotic bacteria to enhance the survival of microorganism cells under extreme environmental conditions according to the type of emulsifier (Chavarri et al, 2012). According to Heidebach (2009a) the emulsion technique in encapsulation using milk protein ingredients can provide good cell viability.…”
“…(Chávarri et al, 2012;Kailasapathy, 2014). En este sentido, existen diversos estudios enfocados a desarrollar tecnologías que ayuden a mejorar la estabilidad y viabilidad de las cepas probióticas durante su aplicación en los diferentes campos de la industria.…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
“…(Chávarri et al, 2012;Estevinho et al, 2013;Kailasapathy, 2014), también se pueden utilizar mezclas con la finalidad de aprovechar propiedades específicas de estas sustancias tales como la resistencia al ambiente ácido, estabilidad mecánica, grado de porosidad en la superficie de la cápsula y difusión de la humedad, así como algunas ventajas al momento de su manipulación tales como viscosidad y grado de solubilidad (Estevinho et al, 2013). Existen diversos métodos de microencapsulación tales como método de extrusión o goteo, método de emulsión o sistemas de dos fases, método de secado por atomización o desecación por atomización, coacervación, liofilización, secado por pulverización en lecho fluidizado, etc.…”
“…Stomach pH is lethal to many probiotics and may wipe out almost 90% of the bacterial dose during their passage through it [86,87]. It is advantageous to have a probiotic resistant to gastric destruction.…”
Section: Patents For Gut Probiotics With Increased Viabilitymentioning
The review is aimed at presenting the advances in the field of probiotics based on information gleaned from the patents filed internationally in last 15 years. The review explains the concept of probiotics and discusses the established microbes like lactobacilli and bifidobacteria and some emerging new candidates. The global market trend for probiotics is presented with related aspect of business, how patents can be leveraged as business tool to create monopoly and secure future business. Patents related to GIT are discussed at length. The scope has expanded considerably now and patents related to important findings as judged from claims from such patents are explained in depth. Further, more patents that are studied pertain to novel applications related to fat metabolism, obesity, weight management, oral health, anticancer treatments, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, etc. Few other patents foraying in to the area of immunomodulation, allergies and antioxidant activity are taken into consideration. Other patents are also included that address the challenges related to dreadful viral diseases including AIDS and rare but serious inborn errors of metabolism. The review also enlists salient features of patents dealing with therapeutic effects with existing gut probiotics but with increased viability, use of unconventional bacterial probiotic strains capable of surviving in hostile gut conditions, innovative compositions to increase acceptability and novel methods to deliver the same. New research pertaining to probiotics having role in cosmetics & skin care and veterinary applications is also taken into account. The review is concluded by throwing some light on the trend in the ongoing research as well as some speculation on the future trend. It can be envisaged that the rapid advances in the field certainly hold a huge promise to mankind as it has tremendous scope to deliver a plethora of health advantages.
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