Abstract:Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved high power conversion efficiency on the lab scale, rivaling the other commercialized photovoltaic technologies. However, stability issues have made it difficult for PSCs to achieve comparable or practical lifetimes in outdoor applications. Here, three different types of hot melt films (polyurethane, PU; polyolefin, POE; and ethylene vinyl acetate, EVA) together with glass sheets are employed to encapsulate printable PSCs. The influence of thermal stress and the encap… Show more
“…The 10 × 10 cm 2 solar modules based on the printable mesoscopic structure could be stable over 10 000 h without loss in the controlled standard conditions . Under outdoor conditions, the device could maintain 97.52% of initial performance after 2136 h . For these reasons, the printable mesoscopic PSCs have a promising future of commercialization, although the PCE of such devices still fall behind that of other structures.…”
Controlling the crystallization of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite is of vital importance to achieve high performing perovskite solar cells. The growth mechanism of perovskites has been intensively studied in devices with planar structures and traditional structures. However, for the printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells, it is difficult to study the crystallization mechanism of perovskite owing to the complicated mesoporous structure. Here, a solvent evaporation controlled crystallization method to achieve ideal crystallization in the mesoscopic structure is provided. Combining results of scanning electron microscope and X‐ray diffraction, it is found that adjusting the evaporation rate of solvent can control the crystallization rate of perovskite and a model for the crystallization process during annealing in mesoporous structures is proposed. Finally, a homogeneous pore filling in the mesoscopic structure without any additives is successfully achieved and a stabilized power conversion efficiency of 16.26% using ternary‐cation perovskite absorber is realized. The findings will provide better understanding of perovskite crystallization in printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells and pave the way for the commercialization of perovskite solar cells.
“…The 10 × 10 cm 2 solar modules based on the printable mesoscopic structure could be stable over 10 000 h without loss in the controlled standard conditions . Under outdoor conditions, the device could maintain 97.52% of initial performance after 2136 h . For these reasons, the printable mesoscopic PSCs have a promising future of commercialization, although the PCE of such devices still fall behind that of other structures.…”
Controlling the crystallization of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite is of vital importance to achieve high performing perovskite solar cells. The growth mechanism of perovskites has been intensively studied in devices with planar structures and traditional structures. However, for the printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells, it is difficult to study the crystallization mechanism of perovskite owing to the complicated mesoporous structure. Here, a solvent evaporation controlled crystallization method to achieve ideal crystallization in the mesoscopic structure is provided. Combining results of scanning electron microscope and X‐ray diffraction, it is found that adjusting the evaporation rate of solvent can control the crystallization rate of perovskite and a model for the crystallization process during annealing in mesoporous structures is proposed. Finally, a homogeneous pore filling in the mesoscopic structure without any additives is successfully achieved and a stabilized power conversion efficiency of 16.26% using ternary‐cation perovskite absorber is realized. The findings will provide better understanding of perovskite crystallization in printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells and pave the way for the commercialization of perovskite solar cells.
“…The modules exhibited good stability under continuous illumination over 1000 h, outdoor stability of 1 month, and a shelf‐life stability of over 1 year as shown in Figure c. With polyurethane encapsulation, stability test under outdoor working conditions for 2136 h was achieved, and the modules maintained 97.52% of the original PCE values as shown in Figure d …”
Section: The Bifunctional Moleculesmentioning
confidence: 85%
“…d) Evolution of the photovoltaic parameters of printable PSC submodule under outdoor conditions. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2019, Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.…”
Organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently attracted much attention with the recent certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) record exceeding 24%. To date, many approaches have been developed for producing high‐performance PSCs, in which the application of multifunctional molecules plays an important role. The multifunctional molecules can modify the morphology of perovskite films and/or passivate the surface defects through interactions with the perovskites' boundaries and/or the charge carrier extraction interfaces. As a result, both the PCEs and the stability of PSCs are improved. The recent progress in the development of multifunctional molecules‐incorporated PSCs is reviewed. The importance of further understanding of the role of the multifunctional molecules in the perovskite film formation process and defect passivation mechanism is discussed. Further research in terms of multifunctional molecules can help to develop high‐performance devices with long‐term stability for future practical applications of PSCs.
“…[ 17–19 ] Particularly, triple‐mesoscopic PSCs have demonstrated quite promising stability under various conditions including continuous illumination, high temperature, and outdoor environment. [ 20–22 ] It is proposed that the enhanced stability is obtained mainly using an inorganic mesoporous scaffold to host the perovskites and introducing multifunctional molecules into the perovskites to passivate the defects. [ 23,24 ]…”
Section: The Photovoltaic Parameters Of Triple‐mesoscopic Pscs Fabricmentioning
Triple‐mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on TiO2/ZrO2/carbon architecture have attracted much attention due to their excellent long‐term stability and screen‐printing technique‐based fabrication process. However, the relatively low open‐circuit voltage (VOC) limits the further improvement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) for triple‐mesoscopic PSCs. Herein, 2‐phenyl‐5‐benzimidazole sulfonate‐Na to post‐treat the triple‐mesoscopic structured scaffold is introduced. The conduction band of the mesoporous TiO2 layer (electron transport layer [ETL]) is significantly shifted up from −4.22 to −4.11 eV, which favors the electron transfer from the perovskite absorber to the ETL. At the same time, the recombination at the interface of ETL/perovskite is effectively suppressed. Correspondingly, the VOC and fill factor (FF) of the devices are enhanced without sacrificing the photocurrent density (JSC). With optimal post‐treatment conditions, the champion device delivers a VOC of 1.02 V and an FF of 0.70 with JSC of 23.06 mA cm−2, showing an overall PCE of 16.51%. After 1000 h continuous operation at the maximum power point under AM1.5G 1 sun illumination, the devices can maintain 91.7% of the initial efficiency. This simple procedure and significant photovoltage enhancement render this method promising for fabricating efficient PSCs based on mesoporous charge transport layers.
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