Enantioselective analysis of mirtazapine and its two major metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry after three-phase liquid-phase microextraction

Three-phase, liquid-phase microextraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection for the simultaneous determination of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in human plasma

“…Mean recoveries of FLX and NFLX were, respectively, 70.9% and 59.7% (Table 2). These results may be considered relatively high in comparison with other microextraction methods reported in the literature using LPME for drugs in plasma [31,39,45]. Low recoveries in LPME, compared to LLE extraction, are a common situation due to the micro-scale characteristic of the technique [43].…”

“…In three-phase mode, analyte extraction occurs using three liquid phases, including: (1) the sample solution (donor phase), where pH is adjusted to keep compounds neutrally charged, (2) the organic extractor phase, which is immobilised in fibre pores, and (3) the receiving aqueous phase (acceptor phase), with a pH that is adjusted to ionise the analytes. Compounds in their non-ionised form are extracted into the organic solvent and are subsequently back-extracted into the acceptor phase, which can be directly analysed via HPLC [30][31][32].…”

LC‐MS/MS determination of cinacalcet enantiomers in rat plasma on Chirobiotic V column in polar ionic mode: application to a pharmacokinetic study

“…Vancomycin, containing 18 chiral centers with various functional groups surrounding its three pockets or cavities is an integral part of the stationary phase of chirobiotic V column (Santana and Bonato, 2008). The possible interactions mediated by vancomycin are π-π, hydrogen bonding, inclusion, dipole-dipole, LC-MS/MS separation and determination of cinacalcet enantiomers steric, anionic and cationic interactions.…”

Determination of mirtazapine in spiked human plasma and tablets by first derivative spectrofluorimetric method

“…Since the plasma half-life of MIR is about 20 h, it is usually taken once daily, immediately before going to sleep (Gillman, 2006). MIR could be analyzed in biological specimens by using highperformance liquid chromatography (Zhai et al, 2005;De Santana and Bonato, 2008;Hong et al, 2008), gas chromatography (Sanchez De La Torre et al, 2005), capillary electrophoresis (Aturki et al, 2007) and HPTLC (Reddy and Devi, 2008). Analytical methods have been described for the determination of MIR in pharmaceutical formulations.…”