Enantiomers and Their Resolution

Abstract

Enantiomers share the same chemical formula but have different chemical structures, i.e., type of isomers. Enantiomers are present in several drugs, perfumes, food, and are a fundamental part of biomolecules. This subject is highly important for pharmaceutical companies. Enantiomeric drugs present different actuation in the human body; depending on the compound, one might combat the symptom, whereas its pair might cause damage. The separation of pairs of enantiomers requires a chiral environment that provokes a structural imbalance that conventional methods cannot provide. Enantioresolution is one of the most promissory studies that benefit several areas, such as pharmaceutical, biotechnology, food industry, and fine chemistry. Its resolution is of great importance, therefore, its main mechanisms of resolution will be explained herein.

Molecularly imprinted hydrazidine‐derived poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐divinylbenzene for enantio‐recognition of S‐fenoprofen

“…1,2 Understanding how these enantiomers interact with biological systems is vital in fields like healthcare, forensics, and food science, emphasizing the importance of enantiopurity. [3][4][5][6] Asymmetric synthesis is a crucial method for creating pure enantiomers from achiral molecules using specific catalysts and ligands. 7,8 However, its application on a large scale is hindered by high costs and long development times.…”

“…Chirality in chemistry involves molecules that are nonsuperimposable mirror images, critical for distinguishing beneficial from harmful or inactive substances in drug development 1,2 . Understanding how these enantiomers interact with biological systems is vital in fields like healthcare, forensics, and food science, emphasizing the importance of enantiopurity 3–6 …”

How an Internal Supramolecular Interaction Determines the Stereochemistry of a Metal Center

“…Since Pasteur manually separated, under the microscope with pliers, sodium ammonium tartrate enantiomers through their crystalline form in 1848 [1], several methods have been developed, such as asymmetric synthesis, kinetic resolution of racemates or chiral chromatography [2][3][4][5]. For this last possibility, one of the preferred methodologies is asymmetry catalysis [6-8], using, for example, as a chiral agent, phosphines [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] or N-heterocyclic carbenes [20][21][22] ligands associated with a transition metal, such as ruthenium [23][24][25][26][27].…”

Effect of supercritical nitrogen content on the weld lines and mechanical properties of microcellular injection molded double gate PP/Al parts

“…Moreover, compared with polygonal fillers, the addition of spherical fillers with narrow particle size distribution makes the orientation of the aluminum flake at flow and weld line regions more uniform and parallel, and the molded product has the smallest weld or flow line 16 . By optimizing the process conditions, Santos et al confirmed that the use of low melt temperature avoided the accumulation of aluminum flakes in the weld line area; together with moderate mold temperatures the appearance of the weld line can be attenuated 17 . Rawson et al used shear controlled orientation injection molding and bright surface molding techniques in series with a modified conventional molding machine and used shear forming in the mold cavity melt, which can repeatedly remove the surface weld line 18 …”