Enamel defects in primary and permanent teeth of children born prematurely

Abstract

Enamel defects were commoner in preterm children, and post-natal dietary intervention had no effect on their frequency. This is the first study in which enamel defects in both primary and permanent teeth have been studied in the same group of preterm children. At age 1 and 2 yrs, 32 preterm children were examined, and the same group was examined again at 9-11 yrs. As controls, 106 healthy children were examined at 1 and 2 yrs, and 64 of them were randomly selected for comparison. When the preterm children were aged 9-11 yrs, 64 of another group of 150 10-13 yr-olds were randomly chosen as controls. All were examined by the main author. At 2 yrs, 66% of preterm children had enamel hypoplasia, and 2% of controls (P < 0.001); enamel opacity affected respectively 13% and 19% (NS). However, the proportions of teeth thus affected were respectively 16% and 0.1%, and 13% and 4%. In the permanent dentition around 10 yrs later, 38% of preterm children had hypoplasia, and 11% of controls (P < 0.01), and opacity affected respectively 47% and 25% (P < 0.05). All preterm infants had primary dentition enamel defects, and 72% also had permanent dentition defects. The preterm infants had been randomly assigned to 2 levels of vitamin D supplementa-tion up to age 6 months, and to breast milk with or without a supplement of calcium and phosphorus until reaching a weight of 2kg. These supplements had no apparent effect on enamel defects.

The neonatal intubation causes defects in primary teeth of premature infants

“…These studies showed a prevalence ranging from 26% to 96% DDE. Many of these studies showed the tracheal intubation as an important risk factor in the determination of DDE in deciduous teeth of children born preterm 11,22,[24][25][26] . The birth of a premature child corresponds in odontogenesis to the late bell stage, time in which the deciduous teeth are in the stage of mineralization of the organic matrix of tooth enamel.…”

“…However, tracheal intubation can lead to damage such as glottis stenosis and tracheal stenosis 7,8 . Oral lesions occur mainly in the buccal mucosa, the hypoglossal nerve, lingual nerve, fractured teeth, defective development of enamel (DDE), disruption of the dental crown, and dental malformations [9][10][11][12][13][14] . Some precautions are recommended to minimize the effect of the tracheal tube into the oral cavity, such as: a) to define a switch back and forth during intubation, and b) to evaluate continuously the quality of the fixing and stabilization the head of the child in order to decrease the tube displacement preventing accidental extubation 15 .…”

Büyük azı ve kesici diş hipomineralizasyonu: etiyolojisi ve kliniği

“…9-11 yaş arası 32 Finlandiyalı ço-cukla yapılan bir çalışmada, zamanında doğan çocuk-ların %36'sında, erken doğan çocukların ise %84'ünde mine defektleri gözlenmiştir. 37 Mine defektlerinin ciddiyeti, gebelik süresinin ve doğum ağırlığının azalması ile artmaktadır. 38 …”

Desnutrição energético-protéica e cárie dentária na primeira infância

“…Em contrapartida, a opacidade (ou hipocalcificação) é definida como um defeito qualitativo, identificado visualmente como uma anormalidade na translucidez do esmalte, com áreas branco-opacas, amareladas ou acastanhadas, sem perda de continuidade da superfície afetada 24,25 .…”