Enamel colour changes at debonding and after finishing procedures using five different adhesives

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate enamel colour alteration of five different orthodontic bonding adhesives by means of digital measurements after exposure to photoageing in order to simulate discolouration of adhesives in vivo. Seventy-five non-carious premolars were randomly divided into five equal groups. The brackets were bonded with five different adhesives (Transbond XT, Eagle Bond, Light Bond, Blugloo, Unite) and subjected to artificial accelerated photoageing for 24 hours. The enamel surfaces were colourimetrically evaluated before bonding, following debonding and cleaning with a tungsten carbide bur, after polishing with Stainbuster, and after photoageing of the debonded enamel surface. The Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage(CIE) colour parameters (L*a*b*) were recorded and colour differences (DeltaE) were calculated. The results were statistically analyzed using the Kruskall-Wallis test. Further investigation among subgroups was performed using Dunn's multiple correlation test (P < 0.05). The clinical detection threshold for DeltaE value was set at 3.7 units. DeltaE values between the first and second measurements showed an increase in the Transbond XT, Eagle Bond, and Light Bond groups. The highest DeltaE value was 1.51 +/- 1.15 in the Transbond XT group. No clinically significant DeltaE value was observed. Colour changes of orthodontic bonding systems induced by photoageing cannot be clinically observed. Polishing with Stainbuster eliminates enamel surface roughness, which may improve light reflection.

Effects of contemporary orthodontic composites on tooth color following short-term fixed orthodontic treatment: a controlled clinical study

“…However, comparatively few studies have investigated the effects of bonding materials used in brackets on enamel color (3,5,(8)(9)(10) and only 2 clinical studies examined the color alterations of teeth associated with FOT (3,4). According to the findings of those studies, visible enamel color changes may occur with fixed appliances, which would be detected in clinical trials (3,4).…”

Effects of Fluoride Release on Enamel Color Alteration

“…Bonding materials have direct effect on tooth discoloration and ΔE between 0.85 to 1.51 units (Trakyali et al, 2009). …”

“…Several factors affect the natural color of the teeth, for example: the condition of the light coming from the surrounding environment, the color of gingival tissue and nature of the saliva that provides the tooth hydration, and the reflective index coming from the underlying surface (Goodkind & Schwabacher, 1987;Dawes, 1974). However, recent studies showed that bonding and debonding of brackets in orthodontic treatment may cause tooth discoloration (Eliades et al, 2001; Trakyali et al, 2009). …”

Efecto de las soluciones pigmentantes en el color de dientes tratados con ortodoncia fija: un estudio in vitro

“…Otros autores han estudiado los cambios de color in-vitro del esmalte dental tratado con aditamentos fijos, por efecto del tipo de adhesivo utilizado [17][18][19][20]. En estos estudios, se analizó el efecto del envejecimiento de las resinas de un solo paso, el ionómero de vidrio y la resina fluida en el color del esmalte después de un tratamiento ortodóntico, encontrando una diferencia en el color por encima de 3,7 unidades ΔE, valor lími-te de diferencia propuesto como detectable por inspección visual, clínicamente [21].…”

“…El método más objetivo para determinar clínica-mente el color del esmalte dental es la espectrofotometría [16][17][18][19][20][22][23][24][25] utilizada tanto en estudios in-vitro como in-vivo. Este método permite el uso del sistema CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) y los parámetros L, C y h [26].…”